Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers, Diaryl Sulfides, Heteroaryl Ethers and Heteroaryl Sulfides under Microwave Dielectric Heating
作者:Quanrui Wang、Feng Li、Qingqing Meng、Huansheng Chen、Zhiming Li、Fenggang Tao
DOI:10.1055/s-2005-865321
日期:——
This paper describes the synthesis of diaryl ethers and sulfides by utilizing microwave heating methodology. The methodology is shown to be rapid and efficient for the coupling of phenols or thiophenol with electron-deficient aryl halides through a SNAr reaction. The scope of the protocol can be expanded to six-membered heterocycles bearing a hydroxyl group as well as to the reaction of 2-pyrimidinethiol with mildly activated aryl halides, providing heteroaryl ethers and sulfides, respectively. The advantages of the present method include the wide substrate scope, the obviation of metal catalysts, ease of product isolation, and high purity of products.
Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers, Diaryl Thioethers, and Diarylamines Mediated by Potassium Fluoride−Alumina and 18-Crown-6: Expansion of Scope and Utility<sup>1</sup>
作者:J. Scott Sawyer、Elisabeth A. Schmittling、Jayne A. Palkowitz、William J. Smith
DOI:10.1021/jo980800g
日期:1998.9.1
An efficient alternative to the Ullmann ether synthesis of diaryl ethers, diaryl thioethers, and diarylamines involving the SNAr addition of a phenol, thiophenol, or aniline to an appropriate aryl halide, mediated by potassium-fluoride alumina and 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile or DMSO, is described. Expansion of the reaction conditions to include DMSO as solvent has resulted in a far greater range of substitution patterns permitted on the electrophile. For example, it was found that electronically unfavorable S-chlorobenzonitrile could be condensed with 3-methoxyphenol to form the corresponding diaryl ether in 66% yield, a combination not normally amenable to Ullmann coupling. Electron-withdrawing groups present on the electrophile may be as diverse as nitro, cyano, formyl, acetyl, ester, amide, and even aryl. The method features a simple reaction procedure that provides products in generally good to excellent purified yields.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers without Catalyst
作者:Feng Li、Quanrui Wang、Zongbiao Ding、Fenggang Tao
DOI:10.1021/ol0346436
日期:2003.6.1
[GRAPHICS]Diaryl ethers have been prepared by direct coupling of phenols including those that bear a strong electron-attracting substituent to electron-deficient aryl halides through SNAr-based addition reactions with assistance of microwave irradiation in high to excellent yields within 5-10 min. No catalysts were required under our conditions.
Diaminotriazine substituted diphenyl ether: reversible structural transformation and solvent dependent solid state fluorescence
作者:Savarimuthu Philip Anthony、Sunil Varughese
DOI:10.1039/c3ce00014a
日期:——
The effect of molecular shape and position of hydrogen bonding functionality in the solid state structural self-assembly was investigated using diaminotriazine substituted diphenyl ether based positional isomers (1–5). The molecular shape was modulated by changing diaminotriazine position that produced channel supramolecular structures in 1, 3 and 5. There exists a direct correlation between the molecular