4-甲基-2-丙基戊酸 | 178269-53-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 中文名称: 4-甲基-2-丙基戊酸
• 英文名称: 4-methyl-2-propylpentanoic acid
• 英文别名: 4-methyl-2-propyl-valeric acid；(+/-)-4-Methyl-2-propyl-valeriansaeure
• CAS: 178269-53-9
• 化学式: C₉H₁₈O₂
• 分子量: 158.241
• InChiKey: CYNQKJPFHUKKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.89
• 拓扑面积：
  37.3
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  4-甲基-2-丙基戊酸 在 草酰氯 、 三乙胺 、 N,N-二异丙基乙胺 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 二氯甲烷 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂， 反应 2.25h， 生成 N-(tert-butyl)-4-methyl-2-propyl-N-((4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)oxy)pentanamide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  通过有机光氧化还原催化的氢原子转移作用，酰胺的伯，仲和叔γ-C（sp 3）-H乙烯基化

  摘要：

  据报道，用烯基硼酸对酰胺的伯，仲和叔脂族γ-C（sp 3）-H进行乙烯基化的有效策略。这些反应由可见光有机光氧化还原剂催化。酰胺的区域选择性γ-C（sp 3）–H乙烯基化是由就地生成的mid基的1，5-氢原子转移控制的。

  DOI：

  10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02737
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  丙基丙二酸二乙酯 在 氢氧化钾 、 sodium ethanolate 作用下， 以 乙醇 、 水 为溶剂， 生成 4-甲基-2-丙基戊酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Further Branching of Valproate-Related Carboxylic Acids Reduces the Teratogenic Activity, but Not the Anticonvulsant Effect

  摘要：

  In the present study, compounds derived from the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA, 2-n-propylpentanoic acid) and analogues known to be teratogenic were synthesized with an additional carbon-branching in one of the side chains. The substances were tested for their ability to induce anticonvulsant-activity and sedation in adult mice, and neural tube defects (exencephaly) in the offspring of pregnant animals (Han:NMRI mice). In all cases, the rates of exencephaly, embryolethality, and fetal weight retardation induced by the methyl-branched derivatives were very low when compared to those of the parent compounds, These novel compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity which was not significantly different from that of VPA. Neurotoxicity was considerably lower for some compounds as compared to VPA. Anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of branched short chain fatty acids are far less structure-dependent and not related to teratogenic potency. Within this series of compounds, (+/-)-4-methyl-2-n-propyl-4-pentenoic acid and (+/-)-2-isobutyl-4-pentenoic acid exhibited the most favorable profile in regard to high anticonvulsant effect, low sedation, and teratogenicity. Valproic acid analogues with additional methyl branching may be valuable antiepileptic agents with low teratogenic potential.

  DOI：

  10.1021/tx950216s

文献信息

• Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiallodynic and Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel Amide and Urea Derivatives of Valproic Acid Analogues
  作者：Dan Kaufmann、Meir Bialer、Jakob Avi Shimshoni、Marshall Devor、Boris Yagen

  DOI：10.1021/jm901229s

  日期：2009.11.26

  Valproic acid (VPA, 1) is a major broad spectrum antiepileptic and central nervous system drug widely used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine. VPA’s clinical use is limited by two severe and life-threatening side effects, teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity. A number of VPA analogues and their amide, N-methylamide and urea derivatives, were synthesized and evaluated in animal models of

  丙戊酸（VPA，1）是主要的广谱抗癫痫药和中枢神经系统药物，广泛用于治疗癫痫，双相情感障碍和偏头痛。VPA的临床使用受到两种严重且危及生命的副作用，致畸性和肝毒性的限制。合成了许多VPA类似物及其酰胺，N-甲基酰胺和尿素衍生物，并在神经性疼痛和癫痫的动物模型中进行了评估。其中，两种酰胺和两种尿素衍生物（1）作为抗神经痛药的效价最高，酰胺（19和20）的ED 50值分别为49和51 mg / kg，尿素衍生物的ED 50值为49和74 mg / kg。 （29和33）。19，20，和29是等效于加巴喷丁，用于治疗神经性疼痛的主要药物。这些数据表明上述新型化合物作为用于治疗神经性疼痛的未来药物开发的候选物的巨大潜力。
• HEXAESTER OF MONO-FORMAL BIS PENTAERYTHRITOL
  申请人：KH Neochem Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US20160311751A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-10-27

  To provide hexaester of bispentaerythritol monoformal, which is a mixed ester of bispentaerythritol monoformal represented by the following formula (I), and carboxylic acids: wherein the carboxylic acids comprise C9 branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and any one of carboxylic acids selected from C4 to C8 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. The hexaester is used as one component of a refrigerant oil composition, and gives excellent characteristics, such as oxidation stability, lubricity, and low temperature properties, to a refrigerant oil composition.

  提供双戊甘醇单甲醛的六酯化物，即由以下式(I)代表的双戊甘醇单甲醛混合酯和羧酸：其中羧酸包括C9支链脂肪族单羧酸，以及从C4到C8脂肪族单羧酸中选择的任一种羧酸。这种六酯化物被用作制冷剂油组合物的一个组分，并为制冷剂油组合物提供优异的特性，如氧化稳定性、润滑性和低温性能。
• Insoluble compositions for controlling blood glucose
  申请人：ELI LILLY AND COMPANY

  公开号：EP0925792A2

  公开（公告）日：1999-06-30

  The present invention relates to insoluble compositions comprising a protein selected from the group consisting of insulin, insulin analogs, and proinsulins; a derivatized protein selected from the group consisting of derivatized insulin, derivatized insulin analog, and derivatized proinsulin; a complexing compound; a hexamer-stabilizing compound; and a divalent metal cation. Formulations of the insoluble composition are suitable for both parenteral and non-parenteral delivery for treating hyperglycemia and diabetes. Microcrystal forms of the insoluble precipitate are pharmaceutically analogous to the neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin crystal form. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that suspension formulations of such insoluble compositions possess unique and controllable dissolution properties that provide therapeutically advantageous glucodynamics compared with insulin NPH formulations.

  本发明涉及不溶性组合物，该组合物包含选自由胰岛素、胰岛素类似物和原胰岛素组成的组的蛋白质；选自由衍生化胰岛素、衍生化胰岛素类似物和衍生化原胰岛素组成的组的衍生化蛋白质；复合物；六聚体稳定化合物；以及二价金属阳离子。不溶性组合物的制剂既适用于肠道外给药，也适用于治疗高血糖和糖尿病的非肠道外给药。不溶性沉淀物的微晶形式在药学上类似于中性原明哈格登（NPH）胰岛素晶体形式。令人惊奇的是，人们发现这种不溶性组合物的悬浮制剂具有独特的可控溶解特性，与 NPH 胰岛素制剂相比，这种悬浮制剂具有治疗上有利的血糖动力学特性。
• Insoluble Insulin Compositions for Controlling Blood Glucose
  申请人：Eli Lilly & Company

  公开号：EP1396272A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-03-10

  The present invention relates to insoluble compositions comprising a protein selected from the group consisting of insulin, insulin analogs, and proinsulins; a derivatized protein selected from the group consisting of derivatized insulin, derivatized insulin analog, and derivatized proinsulin; a complexing compound; a hexamer-stabilizing compound; and a divalent metal cation. Formulations of the insoluble composition are suitable for both parenteral and non-parenteral delivery for treating hyperglycemia and diabetes. Microcrystal forms of the insoluble precipitate are pharmaceutically analogous to the neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin crystal form. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that suspension formulations of such insoluble compositions possess unique and controllable dissolution properties that provide therapeutically advantageous glucodynamics compared with insulin NPH formulations.

  本发明涉及不溶性组合物，该组合物包含选自由胰岛素、胰岛素类似物和原胰岛素组成的组的蛋白质；选自由衍生化胰岛素、衍生化胰岛素类似物和衍生化原胰岛素组成的组的衍生化蛋白质；复合物；六聚体稳定化合物；以及二价金属阳离子。不溶性组合物的制剂既适用于肠道外给药，也适用于治疗高血糖和糖尿病的非肠道外给药。不溶性沉淀物的微晶形式在药学上类似于中性原明哈格登（NPH）胰岛素晶体形式。令人惊奇的是，人们发现这种不溶性组合物的悬浮制剂具有独特的可控溶解特性，与 NPH 胰岛素制剂相比，这种悬浮制剂具有治疗上有利的血糖动力学特性。
• NERVE REGENERATION PROMOTERS
  申请人：ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.

  公开号：EP1685832A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-08-02

  A nerve regeneration which comprises a compound is represented by formula (I): (wherein all symbols are shown in the description), a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof. The compound of the present invention is suppresses nerve cell death as a substance for accelerating growth and/or differentiation of stem cells (nerve stem cells, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow cells, etc.), a substance for accelerating growth and/or differentiation of nerve precursor cells, a potentiator for neurotrophic factor activity, a neurotrophic factor-like substance or a neurodegenerative suppressor, and accelerates repair and regeneration of nerve tissues by neogenesis, regeneration and/or axon evolution. In addition, the compound of the present invention is useful for preparation from brain tissues, bone marrow and/or embryonic stem cells of cells for transplant (nerve stem cells, nerve precursor cells, nerve cells, etc.) and also accelerates grafting, growth, differentiation and/or function expression of cells for transplant whereupon it is useful for prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

  由式 (I) 所表示的化合物组成的神经再生剂： (其中所有符号均在描述中显示）、其盐或其原药。本发明化合物可抑制神经细胞死亡，可作为加速干细胞（神经干细胞、胚胎干细胞、骨髓细胞等）生长和/或分化的物质、加速神经前体细胞生长和/或分化的物质、神经营养因子活性增效剂、神经营养因子样物质或神经退行性抑制剂，并通过新生、再生和/或轴突演化加速神经组织的修复和再生。此外，本发明的化合物可用于从脑组织、骨髓和/或胚胎干细胞中制备移植细胞（神经干细胞、神经前体细胞、神经细胞等），还可加速移植细胞的移植、生长、分化和/或功能表达，从而可用于预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病。