Starting from indomethacin (IND), one of the most prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), new nitric oxide-releasing indomethacin derivatives with 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol scaffold (NO-IND-OXDs, 8a–p) have been developed as a safer and more efficient multitarget therapeutic strategy. The successful synthesis of designed compounds (intermediaries and finals) was proved by complete spectroscopic analyses. In order to study the in silico interaction of NO-IND-OXDs with cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, a molecular docking study, using AutoDock 4.2.6 software, was performed. Moreover, their biological characterization, based on in vitro assays, in terms of thermal denaturation of serum proteins, antioxidant effects and the NO releasing capacity, was also performed. Based on docking results, 8k, 8l and 8m proved to be the best interaction for the COX-2 (cyclooxygense-2) target site, with an improved docking score compared with celecoxib. Referring to the thermal denaturation of serum proteins and antioxidant effects, all the tested compounds were more active than IND and aspirin, used as references. In addition, the compounds 8c, 8h, 8i, 8m, 8n and 8o showed increased capacity to release NO, which means they are safer in terms of gastrointestinal side effects.
从消炎痛(IND)开始,这是最常被开处方的非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)之一,新的一氧化氮释放消炎痛衍生物具有1,3,4-噁二唑-2-硫代骨架(NO-IND-OXDs,8a–p),作为更安全和更有效的多靶点治疗策略已经被开发出来。设计的化合物(中间体和最终体)的成功合成通过完整的光谱分析得以证明。为了研究NO-IND-OXDs与环氧合酶同功酶的体外相互作用,进行了分子对接研究,使用AutoDock 4.2.6软件进行。此外,基于体外实验的生物学特性评价,包括血清蛋白的热变性、抗氧化效果和一氧化氮释放能力也进行了。根据对接结果,8k、8l和8m证明在COX-2(环氧合酶-2)靶点上具有最佳的相互作用,与司来柔胺相比具有改善的对接分数。关于血清蛋白的热变性和抗氧化效果,所有测试的化合物都比IND和阿司匹林更活跃,作为参考。此外,化合物8c、8h、8i、8m、8n和8o显示出增加释放NO的能力,这意味着它们在胃肠道副作用方面更安全。