5-chloro-N-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-2,4-dinitrobenzamide | 260563-83-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: 5-chloro-N-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-2,4-dinitrobenzamide
• 英文别名: methyl 3-[(5-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzoyl)amino]propanoate
• CAS: 260563-83-5
• 化学式: C₁₁H₁₀ClN₃O₇
• 分子量: 331.669
• InChiKey: YFZHENPEDQOGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.3
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.27
• 拓扑面积：
  147
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  7

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  5-chloro-N-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-2,4-dinitrobenzamide 在 sodium hydroxide 、 三乙胺 、 lithium bromide 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 1,4-二氧六环 、 甲醇 、 二氯甲烷 、 乙酸乙酯 为溶剂， 反应 20.75h， 生成 3-(5-(Bis(2-bromoethyl)amino)-2,4-dinitrobenzamido)propanoic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships for 2,4-Dinitrobenzamide-5-mustards as Prodrugs for the Escherichia coli nfsB Nitroreductase in Gene Therapy

  摘要：

  A series of 2,4-dinitrobenzamide mustards were prepared from 5-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid or the corresponding 5-dimesylate mustard as potential prodrugs for gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) with the E. coli nfsB nitroreductase (NTR). The compounds, including 32 new examples, were evaluated in four pairs of NTR+ve/-ve cell lines for selective cytotoxicity (IC50 and IC50 ratios), in multicellular layer (MCL) cultures for bystander effects, and for in vivo activity against tumors grown from stably NTR transfected EMT6 and WiDr cells in nude mice. Multivariate regression analysis of the IC50 results was undertaken using a partial least-squares projection to latent structures model. In NTR-ve lines, cytotoxicity correlated positively with logP, negatively with hydrogen bond acceptors (HA) and donors (HD) in the amide side chain, and positively with the reactivity of the less-reactive leaving group of the mustard function, likely reflecting toxicity due to DNA monoadducts. Potency and selectivity for NTR+ve lines was increased by logP and HD, decreased by HA, and was positively correlated with the leaving group efficiency of the more-reactive group, likely reflecting DNA crosslinking. NTR selectivity was greatest for asymmetric chloro/mesylate and bromo/mesylate mustards. Bystander effects in the MCL assay also correlated positively with logP and negatively with leaving group reactivity, presumably reflecting the transcellular diffusion/reaction properties of the activated metabolites. A total of 18 of 22 mustards showed equal or greater bystander efficiencies in MCLs than the aziridinylbenzamide CB 1954, which is currently in clinical trial for NTR-GDEPT. The dibromo and bromomesylate mustards were surprisingly well tolerated in mice. High MTD/IC50 (NTR+ve) ratios translated into curative activity of several compounds against NTR+ve tumors. A bromomesylate mustard showed superior activity against WiDr tumors grown from 1:9 mixtures of NTR+ve and NTR-ve cells, indicating a strong bystander effect in vivo.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm061062o
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  5-氯-2,4-二硝基苯甲酸 在 氯化亚砜 、 三乙胺 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 作用下， 以 乙醚 为溶剂， 反应 2.5h， 生成 5-chloro-N-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-2,4-dinitrobenzamide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Aziridinyldinitrobenzamides:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships for Activation by E. coli Nitroreductase

  摘要：

  The 5-aziridinyl-2,4-dinitrobenzamide CB 1954 is a substrate for the oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase (NTR) from E. coli and is in clinical trial in combination with NTR-armed adenoviral vectors in a GDEPT protocol; CB 1954 is also of interest for selective deletion of NTR-marked cells in normal tissues. Since little further drug development has been carried out around this lead, we report here the synthesis of more soluble variants and regioisomers and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The compounds were primarily prepared from the corresponding chloro(di)nitroacids through amide side chain elaboration and subsequent aziridine formation. One-electron reduction potentials [E(1)], determined by pulse radiolysis, were around -400 mV, varying little for aziridinyldinitrobenzamide regioisomers. Cytotoxicity in a panel of NTR-transfected cell lines showed that in the CB 1954 series there was considerable tolerance of substituted CONHR side chains. The isomeric 2-aziridinyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide was also selective toward NTR+ve lines but was approximately 10-fold less potent than CB 1954. Other regioisomers were too insoluble to evaluate. While CB 1954 gave both 2- and 4-hydroxylamine metabolites in NTR+ve cells, related analogues with substituted carboxamides gave only a single hydroxylamine metabolite possibly because the steric bulk in the side chain constrains binding within the active site. CB 1954 is also a substrate for the two-electron reductase DT-diaphorase, but all of the other aziridines (regioisomers and close analogues) were poorer substrates with resulting improved specificity for NTR. Bystander effects were determined in multicellular layer cocultures and showed that the more hydrophilic side chains resulted in a modest reduction in bystander killing efficiency. A limited number of analogues were tested for in vivo activity, using a single ip dose to CD-1 nude mice bearing WiDr-NTRneo tumors. The most active of the CB 1954 analogues was a diol derivative, which showed a substantial median tumor growth delay (59 days compared with >85 days for CB 1954) in WiDr xenografts comprising 50% NTR+ve cells. The diol is much more soluble and can be formulated in saline for administration. The results suggest there may be advantages with carefully selected analogues of CB 1954; the weaker bystander effect of its diol derivative may be an advantage in the selective cell ablation of NTR-tagged cells in normal tissues.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm0498699

文献信息

• Nitrophenylaziridine compounds and their use as prodrugs
  申请人：Auckland Uniservices Limited

  公开号：US06517836B1

  公开（公告）日：2003-02-11

  A range of aziridin-1-yl nitrobenzamides are provided for use as prodrugs in conjunction with nitroreductase (NR) enzymes. The amides may have 1 or 2-substituents which may be bulky and polar. For example, 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-N-[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl]-2,4-dinitrobenzamide of Formula (A) was found to be highly active against all NR+ cell lines tested.

  提供一系列的环氧乙烷基-1-基硝基苯酰胺作为前药，与硝基还原酶（NR）酶一起使用。酰胺可能具有1或2个取代基，这些取代基可能是笨重和极性的。例如，公式（A）的5-（环氧乙烷基-1-基）-N-[2-（4-吗啡基）乙基]-2,4-二硝基苯酰胺被发现对所有测试的NR+细胞系都具有高活性。
• NOVEL NITROPHENYLAZIRIDINE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PRODRUGS
  申请人：Auckland Uniservices Limited

  公开号：EP1109550B1

  公开（公告）日：2004-11-24
• US6517836B1
  申请人：——

  公开号：US6517836B1

  公开（公告）日：2003-02-11
• Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships for 2,4-Dinitrobenzamide-5-mustards as Prodrugs for the <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>nfsB</i> Nitroreductase in Gene Therapy
  作者：Graham J. Atwell、Shangjin Yang、Frederik B. Pruijn、Susan M. Pullen、Alison Hogg、Adam V. Patterson、William R. Wilson、William A. Denny

  DOI：10.1021/jm061062o

  日期：2007.3.1

  A series of 2,4-dinitrobenzamide mustards were prepared from 5-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid or the corresponding 5-dimesylate mustard as potential prodrugs for gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) with the E. coli nfsB nitroreductase (NTR). The compounds, including 32 new examples, were evaluated in four pairs of NTR+ve/-ve cell lines for selective cytotoxicity (IC50 and IC50 ratios), in multicellular layer (MCL) cultures for bystander effects, and for in vivo activity against tumors grown from stably NTR transfected EMT6 and WiDr cells in nude mice. Multivariate regression analysis of the IC50 results was undertaken using a partial least-squares projection to latent structures model. In NTR-ve lines, cytotoxicity correlated positively with logP, negatively with hydrogen bond acceptors (HA) and donors (HD) in the amide side chain, and positively with the reactivity of the less-reactive leaving group of the mustard function, likely reflecting toxicity due to DNA monoadducts. Potency and selectivity for NTR+ve lines was increased by logP and HD, decreased by HA, and was positively correlated with the leaving group efficiency of the more-reactive group, likely reflecting DNA crosslinking. NTR selectivity was greatest for asymmetric chloro/mesylate and bromo/mesylate mustards. Bystander effects in the MCL assay also correlated positively with logP and negatively with leaving group reactivity, presumably reflecting the transcellular diffusion/reaction properties of the activated metabolites. A total of 18 of 22 mustards showed equal or greater bystander efficiencies in MCLs than the aziridinylbenzamide CB 1954, which is currently in clinical trial for NTR-GDEPT. The dibromo and bromomesylate mustards were surprisingly well tolerated in mice. High MTD/IC50 (NTR+ve) ratios translated into curative activity of several compounds against NTR+ve tumors. A bromomesylate mustard showed superior activity against WiDr tumors grown from 1:9 mixtures of NTR+ve and NTR-ve cells, indicating a strong bystander effect in vivo.
• Aziridinyldinitrobenzamides:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships for Activation by <i>E. </i><i>coli</i> Nitroreductase
  作者：Nuala A. Helsby、Graham J. Atwell、Shangjin Yang、Brian D. Palmer、Robert F. Anderson、Susan M. Pullen、Dianne M. Ferry、Alison Hogg、William R. Wilson、William A. Denny

  DOI：10.1021/jm0498699

  日期：2004.6.1

  The 5-aziridinyl-2,4-dinitrobenzamide CB 1954 is a substrate for the oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase (NTR) from E. coli and is in clinical trial in combination with NTR-armed adenoviral vectors in a GDEPT protocol; CB 1954 is also of interest for selective deletion of NTR-marked cells in normal tissues. Since little further drug development has been carried out around this lead, we report here the synthesis of more soluble variants and regioisomers and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The compounds were primarily prepared from the corresponding chloro(di)nitroacids through amide side chain elaboration and subsequent aziridine formation. One-electron reduction potentials [E(1)], determined by pulse radiolysis, were around -400 mV, varying little for aziridinyldinitrobenzamide regioisomers. Cytotoxicity in a panel of NTR-transfected cell lines showed that in the CB 1954 series there was considerable tolerance of substituted CONHR side chains. The isomeric 2-aziridinyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide was also selective toward NTR+ve lines but was approximately 10-fold less potent than CB 1954. Other regioisomers were too insoluble to evaluate. While CB 1954 gave both 2- and 4-hydroxylamine metabolites in NTR+ve cells, related analogues with substituted carboxamides gave only a single hydroxylamine metabolite possibly because the steric bulk in the side chain constrains binding within the active site. CB 1954 is also a substrate for the two-electron reductase DT-diaphorase, but all of the other aziridines (regioisomers and close analogues) were poorer substrates with resulting improved specificity for NTR. Bystander effects were determined in multicellular layer cocultures and showed that the more hydrophilic side chains resulted in a modest reduction in bystander killing efficiency. A limited number of analogues were tested for in vivo activity, using a single ip dose to CD-1 nude mice bearing WiDr-NTRneo tumors. The most active of the CB 1954 analogues was a diol derivative, which showed a substantial median tumor growth delay (59 days compared with >85 days for CB 1954) in WiDr xenografts comprising 50% NTR+ve cells. The diol is much more soluble and can be formulated in saline for administration. The results suggest there may be advantages with carefully selected analogues of CB 1954; the weaker bystander effect of its diol derivative may be an advantage in the selective cell ablation of NTR-tagged cells in normal tissues.