(E)-Alkene and Ethylene Isosteres Substantially Alter the Hydrogen-Bonding Network in Class II MHC Aq/Glycopeptide Complexes and Affect T-Cell Recognition
摘要:
The structural basis for antigen presentation by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to CD4(+) T-cells is important for understanding and possibly treating autoimmune diseases. In the work described in this paper, (E)-alkene and ethylene amide-bond isosteres were used to investigate the effect of removing hydrogen-bonding possibilities from the CII259-270 glycopeptide, which is bound by the arthritis-associated murine A(q) class II MHC protein. The isostere-modified glycopeptides showed varying and unexpectedly large losses of A(q) binding that could be linked to the dynamics of the system. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the backbone of CII259-270 and the A(q) protein are able to form up to 11 hydrogen bonds, but fewer than this number are present at any one time. Most of the strong hydrogen-bond interactions were formed by the N-terminal part of the glycopeptide, i.e., in the region where the isosteric replacements were made. The structural dynamics also revealed that hydrogen bonds were strongly coupled to each other; the loss of one hydrogen-bond interaction had a profound effect on the entire hydrogen-bonding network. The A(q) binding data revealed that an ethylene isostere glycopeptide unexpectedly bound more strongly to A(q) than the corresponding (E)-alkene, which is in contrast to the trend observed for the other isosteres. Analysis of the MD trajectories revealed that the complex conformation of this ethylene isostere was structurally different and had an altered molecular interaction pattern compared to the other A(q)/glycopeptide complexes. The introduced amide-bond isosteres also affected the interactions of the glycopeptide/A(q) complexes with T-cell receptors. The dynamic variation of the patterns and strengths of the hydrogen-bond interactions in the class II MHC system is of critical importance for the class II MHC/peptide/TCR signaling system.
Dess–Martin periodinane oxidative rearrangement for preparation of α-keto thioesters
作者:Randy Sanichar、Ciaran Carroll、Ryan Kimmis、Bela Reiz、John C. Vederas
DOI:10.1039/c7ob02959d
日期:——
Dess–Martin Periodinane (DMP) mediated oxidative rearrangement reaction was uncovered. The reaction proceeds via oxidation of a β-hydroxy thioester to a β-keto thioester, followed by an α-hydroxylation and then further oxidation to form a vicinal thioester tricarbonyl. This product then rearranges, extruding CO2, to form an α-keto product. The mechanism of the rearrangement was elucidated using 13C labelling
Benzoic acid substituted benzopyrans for the treatment of atherosclerosis
申请人:Pfizer Products Inc.
公开号:EP1270000A2
公开(公告)日:2003-01-02
A method of treating atherosclerosis in a mammal, including a human, comprising administering to said mammal an amount of the compound of the formula
an enantiomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
effective to treat atherosclerosis, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein.
[EN] 5-AMINO-4-CARBAMOYL-PYRAZOLE COMPOUNDS AS SELECTIVE AND IRREVERSIBLE T790M OVER WT-EGFR KINASE INHIBITORS AND USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS 5-AMINO-4-CARBAMOYL-PYRAZOLE UTILISÉS COMME INHIBITEURS SÉLECTIFS ET IRRÉVERSIBLES DE T790M SUR LA KINASE WT-EGFR, ET LEUR UTILISATION
申请人:BEIGENE LTD
公开号:WO2016008411A1
公开(公告)日:2016-01-21
Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, processes for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof.
公开了公式(I)的化合物,包括含有该化合物的药物组合物,制备该化合物的方法以及该化合物的用途。
Fluorinated β²- and β³-Amino Acids: Synthesis and Inhibition of α-Chymotrypsin
synthesis of a series of α-fluorinated β²- and β³-amino acid derivatives is described. Stereoselective fluorination at the α-carbon of the β³-amino acids was achieved by deprotonation with lithium diisopropylamide followed by treatment with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Fluorination of β²-amino acids employed the chiral auxiliary (4R)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone. The α-fluorinated amino acids and their non-fluorinated
Processes for preparing substituted chromanol derivatives
申请人:Pfizer Inc.
公开号:US06096906A1
公开(公告)日:2000-08-01
The invention relates to processes for preparing a compound of the formula (X) and the enantiomer of said compound, wherein the benzoic acid moiety is attached at position 6 or 7 of the chroman ring, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined herein. The invention further relates to intermediates that are useful in the preparation of the compound of formula (X). ##STR1##