(–)-Galanthamine (4) was synthesized from naltrexone (1) in 18 steps with 3% total yield by overcoming many specific side reactions derived from the 4,5-epoxymorphinan skeleton. The key features are cleavage of the D-ring by the Hofmann elimination and the following the one-pot C9–C10 and C9–14 bond cleavages concomitant with the C9 removal by the OsO4–NaIO4 combination reaction. Then, the treatment
(–)-
加兰他敏(4)由
纳曲酮(1)分18步合成,通过克服源自4,5-环
氧吗啡喃骨架的许多特定副反应,总收率为3%。主要特征是通过霍夫曼消除对D环的裂解,以及随后的一锅C9–C10和C9–14键裂解以及OsO 4 –NaIO 4组合反应去除C9的结果。然后,用
乙酸中的
锌粉处理不仅导致除去2,2,2-三
氯乙氧羰基(Troc)基团,而且导致所得
亚胺还原胺化,得到所需的7元环。