A method for producing glycine in which an aqueous solution of glycinonitrile is subjected to a hydrolysis reaction in a hydrolysis reaction system in which the oxygen dissolved therein is maintained in an amount of 5 ppm by weight or less, under the action of a microbial enzyme having the activity to hydrolyze a nitrile group. The glycinonitrile is converted to glycine with by-production of ammonia. The hydrolysis of glycinonitrile is conducted either in the presence of the ammonia or while recovering the by-produced ammonia separately from the recovery of glycine in the absence of a base and an acid.
Alcoholic ingredients in skin disinfectants increase biofilm expression of Staphylococcus epidermidis
作者:J. K.-M. Knobloch、M. A. Horstkotte、H. Rohde、P.-M. Kaulfers、D. Mack
DOI:10.1093/jac/49.4.683
日期:2002.4.1
The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus epidermidis is correlated with biofilm formation. We investigated the effect of three common alcoholic skin disinfectants, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol, on the biofilm formation of 37 clinical, icaADBC-positive S. epidermidis isolates. In alcohol-supplemented media 18 strains displayed increased biofilm expression. Sixteen of 19 strains were generally incapable of biofilm formation. In three representative isolates, the increase in biofilm formation was paralleled by increased polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis. Regarding the widespread use of alcoholic skin disinfectants, it is possible that the alcohol-inducible biofilm phenotype of S. epidermidis could add to the development of foreign body-related infections.