乳腈 | 78-97-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氮化合物
• 中文名称: 乳腈
• 中文别名: 2-羥丙腈；1-氰乙醇；2-羟基丙腈；Β-羥丙腈
• 英文名称: 2-hydroxy-propionitrile
• 英文别名: Lactonitrile；2-hydroxypropanenitrile
• CAS: 78-97-7
• 化学式: C₃H₅NO
• 分子量: 71.0788
• InChiKey: WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.3
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.67
• 拓扑面积：
  44
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

毒理性

• 副作用

其他毒物 - 化学窒息剂

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 毒性数据

LCLo（大鼠）= 125 ppm/4小时

LCLo (rat) = 125 ppm/4h

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

氰化物中毒的成功治疗中，迅速支持呼吸和循环至关重要。大量氰化物过量患者仅通过良好的支持性护理得以存活。应立即关注辅助通气、给予100%氧气、插入静脉导管，并建立心脏监护。立即获取动脉血气，并纠正任何严重的代谢性酸中毒（pH低于7.15）。在中度或严重症状的患者中，即使pO2正常，也应常规使用100%氧气，因为100%的氧气增加了氧气的输送，可能重新激活被氰化物抑制的线粒体酶，并增强硫代硫酸盐的效果。在心肺复苏（CPR）期间避免口对口人工呼吸，以防止自我中毒。/氰化物/

Rapid support of respiration and circulation is essential to successful treatment of cyanide intoxication. Massive cyanide overdoses have survived with only good supportive care. Immediate attention should be directed toward assisted ventilation, administration of 100% oxygen, insertion of intravenous lines, and institution of cardiac monitoring. Obtain an arterial blood gas immediately and correct any severe metabolic acidosis (pH below 7.15). Oxygen (100%) should be used routinely in moderate or severely symptomatic patients even in the presence of a normal pO2, since 100% O2 increases O2 delivery, may reactivate cyanide-inhibited mitochondrial enzymes, and potentiates the effect of thiosulfate. Avoid mouth to mouth resuscitation during CPR in order to prevent self poisoning. /Cyanides/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

亚硝酸戊酯胶囊旨在产生3%至5%的高铁血红蛋白血症，同时建立静脉通道以给予静脉注射亚硝酸钠。作为一种临时措施，病人在准备亚硝酸钠的同时吸入蒸汽。由于高铁血红蛋白产生量的可变性以及心血管崩溃的可能性，如果亚硝酸钠容易获得且病人状况并非极端危急，这一步骤可以省略。适当的通风和氧合比给药亚硝酸戊酯更为重要。每分钟粉碎一粒胶囊（0.2毫升），吸入30秒，直到静脉注射亚硝酸钠。亚硝酸钠（3%溶液），以10毫升3%溶液（例如，300毫克）的形式，通过静脉缓慢给药，持续4分钟，以在成人中产生20%的高铁血红蛋白水平。儿童应首先按每公斤体重0.33毫升的3%溶液给药，以2.5毫升/分钟的速度输注，最多不超过10毫升。根据儿童的体重给药亚硝酸钠剂量，因为儿童中曾发生过致命的高铁血红蛋白血症。/氰化物/

Amyl nitrite perles are designed to produce 3% to 5% methemoglobinemia while an iv line is established for iv sodium nitrite. As a temporizing measure, the patient inhales the vapors until the sodium nitrite is ready. Because of the variability in methemoglobin production and the potential for cardiovascular collapse, this step may be omitted if sodium nitrite is readily available and the patient is not in extremis. Adequate ventilation and oxygenation are more important than administration of amyl nitrite. One perle (0.2 ml) is crushed and inhaled for 30 seconds every minute until iv nitrite is given. Sodium nitrite (3% solution), as 10 ml of a 3% solution (eg, 300 mg), is administered iv slowly over 4 minutes to produce a 20% methemoglobin level in adults. Children should receive 0.33 ml of the 3% solution per kilogram initially at an infusion rate of 2.5 ml/min, up to a maximum of 10 ml. Administer sodium nitrite doses to children on the basis of body weight, since fatal methemoglobinemia has occurred in children. /Cyanides/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

一起由于接触丙腈导致的氰化物中毒案例被描述。一名55岁的男性在化工厂工作，在试图修复泄漏丙腈的泵时，遭受了皮肤和呼吸道的暴露。尽管他戴着手套，但没有其他防护装备。他迅速失去意识，并被送往医务室。到达医务室时，他处于昏迷状态且无反应。他以5升/分钟的速度接受氧气治疗，并被转移到医院的重症监护室。临床研究显示有呼吸性碱中毒和轻度代谢性酸中毒的证据。患者通过静脉注射在30分钟内接受了4克羟钴胺和8克硫代硫酸钠。在接下来的小时内，症状完全消失。监测了血液中氰化物和硫氰化物的浓度。在接受羟钴胺和硫代硫酸钠治疗前，他的血液氰化物浓度为5.71微克/毫升。硫氰化物的浓度可以忽略不计。氰化物/硫代硫酸钠输注完成后，血液中氰化物浓度降至0.93微克/毫升，硫氰化物增至21.1微克/毫升。治疗后5小时，硫氰化物浓度恢复到基线值。...丙腈可以通过皮肤或吸入暴露释放氰化物并产生严重中毒。硫代硫酸钠和羟钴胺的组合是一种有效的解毒剂。/丙腈/

A case of cyanide poisoning resulting from exposure to propionitrile was decribed. A 55 year old male employed at a chemical facility suffered dermal and respiratory exposure while attempting to repair a pump leaking propionitrile. Although he was wearing gloves, he did not have any other protective equipment. He rapidly lost consciousness and was taken to the infirmary. Upon arrival at the infirmary, he was comatose and unresponsive. He was administered oxygen at the rate of 5 l/min and transferred to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Clinical studies showed evidence of respiratory alkalosis and mild metabolic acidosis. The patient received 4 g hydroxycobalamin and 8 g sodium thiosulfate intravenously over 30 minutes. The symptoms completely cleared up over the next hr. Blood cyanide and thiocyanate concentrations were monitored. Before receiving the hydroxycobalamin and thiosulfate treatment, his blood cyanide concn was 5.71 ug/ml. The thiocyanate concn was negligible. After the cyanide/thiosulfate infusion was completed, the blood cyanide concn had decreased to 0.93 ug/ml and the thiocyanate had increased to 21.1 ug/ml. The thiocyanate concentrations returned to the baseline value 5 hr after treatment. ... Propionitrile can release cyanide and produce serious poisoning after skin or inhalation exposure. The combination of sodium thiosulfate and hydroxycobalamin is an effective antidote. /Propionitrile/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

制备方法与用途

制备方法

主要用作溶剂，同时用于制备丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯和乳酸乙酯。

用途简介 用途

主要用作溶剂，并参与丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯和乳酸的制备。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  乳腈 在 盐酸 、 4K⁽¹⁺⁾*Mn(CN)6^(4-)=K₄(Mn(CN)6) 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 3.0h， 生成 氢氰酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  使用脂族腈，α-氨基酸和六氰合铁酸酯作为普遍适用的无毒氰化物源来合成α-氨基腈

  摘要：

  在氰化反应中，通常将氰化物源直接添加到反应混合物中，这限制了条件的选择。氰化物释放和消耗的空间分离提供了更高的灵活性。这种设置用于将亚硝酸根离子与各种不同的易于处理的HCN源氰化，例如六氰合铁酸酯，乙腈或α-氨基酸。后者的底物首先通过氧化脱羧转化为它们相应的腈。甘氨酸在氧化步骤中直接提供HCN时，α-取代氨基酸衍生的脂族腈可以通过CH-H氧化功能进一步转化为相应的氰醇。锰（OAc）2 已发现在酸性条件下，Hydrogen可以催化从这些氰醇或丙酮氰醇中有效释放HCN，并与之前的两个转化方法结合使用，可将蛋白质生物质用作HCN的无毒来源。

  DOI：

  10.1039/c8gc01730a
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  丙烯腈 在 四氯化碳 、 copper(II) choride dihydrate 、 chromium(III) acetylacetonate 、 水 作用下， 反应 6.0h， 以46%的产率得到乳腈
  参考文献：
  名称：

  铬和铜络合物存在下烯烃和环烯烃的水合

  摘要：

  铬和铜络合物在四氯化碳存在下于110–160°C（4–12 h）催化无环和环状烯烃的水合反应，并形成相应的醇。

  DOI：

  10.1134/s1070428013100047
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  氢氰酸 、 乙醛 在 sodium acetate 、 溶剂黄146 、 乳腈 作用下， 生成 乳腈
  参考文献：
  名称：

  US2748154

  摘要：

  公开号：

文献信息

• [EN] ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATING CARBOXAMIDES<br/>[FR] CARBOXAMIDES MODULANT LES RÉCEPTEURS D'ANDROGÈNES
  申请人：ORION CORP

  公开号：WO2012143599A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-10-26

  Compounds of formula (I) wherein Rx, Rz, R9, R10, R14, R14', R15, R15', A and B are as defined in the claims and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, are disclosed. The compounds possess utility as tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) and are particularly useful as medicaments in the treatment of prostate cancer and other AR dependent conditions and diseases where AR antagonism is desired.

  公式（I）中的化合物，其中Rx、Rz、R9、R10、R14、R14'、R15、R15'、A和B的定义如索赔中所述，并且其药学上可接受的盐和酯已被披露。这些化合物具有作为组织选择性雄激素受体调节剂（SARM）的效用，并且在治疗前列腺癌和其他依赖于雄激素受体的疾病和病症中特别有用，其中需要AR拮抗作用。
• Substituted piperazines as metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists
  申请人：Edwards Louise

  公开号：US20070037820A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-02-15

  The invention relates to compounds of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof: where Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Hy, L, R 1 , m and n are as defined in the description. The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof, processes for making the compounds, as well as methods for the medical treatment of mGluR5-mediated disorders.

  这项发明涉及公式I的化合物或其药用可接受的盐或溶剂： 其中Ar1，Ar2，Hy，L，R1，m和n如描述中所定义。该发明还包括药物组合物及其用途，制备这些化合物的方法，以及治疗mGluR5介导的疾病的方法。
• [EN] PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS PYRIDINES
  申请人：ENDO PHARMACEUTICALS INC

  公开号：WO2013049559A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-04-04

  The present application provides novel pyridine compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. Also provided are methods for preparing these compounds. These compounds are useful in inhibiting CYP 17 activity by administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the compounds to a patient. By doing so, these compounds are effective in treating conditions associated with CPY17 activity. A variety of conditions can be treated using these compounds and include diseases which are characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation. In one embodiment, the disease is cancer, such as prostate cancer.

  本申请提供了新型的吡啶化合物及其药用可接受的盐或前药。同时，还提供了制备这些化合物的方法。这些化合物通过向患者施用一种或多种化合物的治疗有效量，用于抑制CYP 17活性。通过这样做，这些化合物有效地治疗与CPY17活性相关的病症。可以使用这些化合物治疗多种病症，包括以异常细胞增殖为特征的疾病。在一个实施例中，所述疾病为癌症，如前列腺癌。
• GRISEOFULVIN COMPOUND AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF
  申请人：Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited

  公开号：US20200216433A1

  公开（公告）日：2020-07-09

  The present invention addresses the problem of providing a compound for prophylaxis and/or treatment of central inflammatory diseases, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention addresses a compound of a general formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as a means to solve the problem. [R 1 : a C1-C6 alkyl group or the like, R 2 : a C1-C6 alkyl group or the like, A: a 5-membered aromatic hetero-ring or the like, R 3 , R 3′ : a C1-C6 alkyl group or the like]

  本发明旨在解决提供用于预防或治疗中枢性炎症性疾病的化合物或其药理上可接受的盐的问题。本发明提出了一种通式（I）的化合物或其药理上可接受的盐作为解决问题的手段。[R1：C1-C6烷基等，R2：C1-C6烷基等，A：5员芳香杂环等，R3，R3'：C1-C6烷基等]
• 6,7-DIHYDRO-5H-PYRROLO[3,4-B]PYRIDIN-5-ONE ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS OF THE M4 MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
  申请人：BAO JIANMING

  公开号：US20170183342A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-06-29

  The present invention is directed to 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-one compounds which are allosteric modulators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The present invention is also directed to uses of the compounds described herein in the potential treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising these compounds. The present invention is also directed to uses of these compositions in the potential prevention or treatment of such diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved.

  本发明涉及6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,4-b]吡啶-5-酮化合物，这些化合物是M4毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体的变构调节剂。本发明还涉及在本申请中描述的化合物在潜在治疗或预防神经和精神障碍和疾病中的应用，其中涉及M4毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的组合物。本发明还涉及这些组合物在潜在预防或治疗涉及M4毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体的疾病的应用。

表征谱图