In experimental studies using human liver S9 Arbaclofen placarbil was not shown to be a substrate for CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4. Arbaclofen placarbil, the acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrug of R-arbaclofen, is believed to undergo hydrolysis by the esterase enzyme human carboxylesterase-2 into the parent amine, R-baclfen. Carbon dioxide, isobutyric acid, isobutyraldehyde, are also expected to be produced in equimolar quantities. The productions of isobutyric acid has been confirmed in vitro untilizing mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
Unlike baclofen, absorption of R-baclofen(arbaclofen) is not limited to the upper small intestine. The ability of arbaclofen to be absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract allowed for the development of the sustained release formulation, arbaclofen placarbil (AP). In one study of AP absorption in 10 healthy volunteers, one 20mg oral dose of AP, in the presence of food, resulted in a Tmax of 5.05h. The oral bioavailability of R-baclofen in rats when AP was dosed at 10mg/kg was 44 ± 12%, and when dosed at 1mg/kg, oral bioavailability was 68 ± 6%. In monkeys and dogs, the oral bioavailability of R-baclofen when AP was orally dosed was high: 94 ± 16%, and 92 ± 7%, respectively. In comparison, when oral R-balofen was dosed oral bioavailability was 39 ± 21% in monkeys and 49 ± 20% in dogs. Colonic absorption studies measuring R-baclofen bioavailability post intracolonic dosing in rats and monkeys, have revealed low bioavailability with the administration of R-baclofen (7 ± 3% and 3 ± 2%, respectively), and significantly higher R-baclofen bioavailability with intracolonic dosing of AP suspension ( 37 ± 9% and 37 ± 15%, in rats and monkeys respectively). Intracolonic dosing of AP suspension also resulted in high biolavailability of R-baclofen in dogs (77 ± 23%). Absorption throughout the intestine is both passive and active and occurs via the monocarboxylate type 1 transporter.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
作为R-巴氯芬,84-88%通过肾脏消除。小于1%通过粪便消除。
84-88% renal elimination as R-baclofen. Less than 1% fecal elimination. (2)
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
放射性标记显示AP在体内广泛分布。组织分布主要发生在肾脏和肝脏。
Radioactive labeling has shown AP to be widely distributed throughout the body. Tissue distribution occurs mostly to the kidneys and liver.
Blood clearance of an IV bolus of AR in rats resulted in a total blood clearance of 15.81 ± 10.2 L/h/kg in rats. In comparison, blood clearance of an IV bolus of R-baclofen in rats, monkeys, and dogs, resulted in half lives ranging from 1.6-3.4hours, with total blood clearances reported to be 0.51± 0.13L/h/kg in rats, 0.31±0.11L/h/kg in monkeys, and 0.24L±0.01L/h/kg in dogs. (2) In studied utilizing radioactive tracers attached to R-baclofen, 97% of radioactivity was recovered in the urine.
[EN] ACYLOXYALKYL CARBAMATE PRODRUGS, METHODS OF SYNTHESIS AND USE [FR] PRODROGUES A BASE DE CARBAMATE D'ALKYLE ACYLE, PROCEDE DE SYNTHESE ET UTILISATION
METHOD OF MAKING 1-(ACYLOXY)-ALKYL CARBAMATE COMPOUNDS
申请人:XENOPORT, INC.
公开号:US20140243544A1
公开(公告)日:2014-08-28
Methods of preparing carbamate prodrugs of amine-containing drugs are provided. Carbonates useful in the synthesis of the carbamate prodrugs are also provided.
提供了制备胺类药物的氨基甲酸酯前药的方法。还提供了在合成氨基甲酸酯前药中有用的碳酸盐。
Process Development toward a Pro-Drug of <i>R</i>-Baclofen
作者:Glyn L. Allsop、John S. Carey、Sudhir Joshi、Paul Leong、Marco A. Mirata
DOI:10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00491
日期:2021.1.15
the multi-kilogram synthesis of a novel transported pro-drug of R-baclofen. The key steps in the synthesis were the enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of isopropyl(methylthiocarbonyloxy)methyl-2-methylpropionate using Candida antarctica lipase A to provide the desired (S)-enantiomer. This was followed by the reaction with sulfuryl chloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide to produce (S) 1-(2,5-dioxoazolidi
METHODS OF TREATING FRAGILE X SYNDROME, DOWN'S SYNDROME, AUTISM AND RELATED DISORDERS
申请人:Wustrow David J.
公开号:US20120016021A1
公开(公告)日:2012-01-19
Disclosed herein are methods of treating fragile X syndrome, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, Down's syndrome and other forms of mental retardation, and/or autism comprising administering a GABA
B
agonist prodrug to a subject suffering therefrom. The GABA
B
agonist prodrugs can be compounds of Formula (I), (II) or (III) as disclosed herein.
[EN] ANHYDROUS AND HEMIHYDRATE CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF AN (R)-BACLOFEN PRODRUG, METHODS OF SYNTHESIS AND METHODS OF USE<br/>[FR] FORMES CRISTALLINES ANHYDRES ET HÉMIHYDRATÉES D'UN PROMÉDICAMENT (R)-BACLOFÈNE, PROCÉDÉS DE SYNTHÈSE ET PROCÉDÉS D'UTILISATION
申请人:XENOPORT INC
公开号:WO2013023155A1
公开(公告)日:2013-02-14
Crystalline (3R)-4-[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)propoxy]carbonylamino}-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid anhydrate and crystalline (3R)-4-[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)propoxy]carbonylamino}-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid hemihydrate, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of making and methods of using the same are disclosed.
MESOPHASIC FORMS OF (3S)-AMINOMETHYL-5-METHYL-HEXANOIC ACID PRODRUGS AND METHODS OF USE
申请人:Yao Fenmei
公开号:US20090192222A1
公开(公告)日:2009-07-30
Mesophasic forms of (3S)-aminomethyl-5-hexanoic acid prodrugs and methods of preparing and methods of using mesophasic forms of (3S)-aminomethyl-5-hexanoic acid prodrugs are provided.