Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
毒性数据
LC50 (大鼠) = 1500毫克/立方米
LC50 (rat) = 1,500 mg/m3
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropene /was tested externally on the eyes of rabbits, and according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hr, rated on a scale of 1 to 10, the most severly injurious substances have been rated 10/. 1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropene rated 9 on rabbit eyes.
Groups of 15 male and 15 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1 of 3 chloropropene (2,3-Di = DCP; 1,2,3-Tri = TRCP; and 1,1,2,3-Tetra = TECP) vapors to provide information on repeated exposures and the potential for reproductive impairment by the most likely route of occupational exposure. Target exposure concentrations were 0, 1, 5, and 15 ppm, 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk. The following parameters were evaluated: pharmacotoxic signs, survival, body weights, hematology, clinical blood chemistry, urine analysis, gross and histopathology (over 40 tissues/rat), organ weights, and selected weight ratios. Signs of nasal irritation were noted in rats exposed to 15 ppm of either DCP or TRCP but not TECP. Small decr in overall body weight were observed in female rats exposed to 15 ppm TCP. An incr (15%) in spleen weight, with no corresponding histopathological or clinical findings, was observed in 15 ppm DCP treated male rats. No other effects considered related to treatment were observed following exposure to any of the three chlorinated propenes. Additional groups of 10 male and 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to DCP, TRCP, or TECP vapors at target concn of 0, 1, or 5 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for a 10-wk premating period, a mating period, and the first 14 d (females only) of gestation. Females were allowed to deliver litters and the offspring were evaluated during a 21 day lactation period. Mating, pregnancy, and fertility indices were generally comparable among all test groups, although female mating and pregnancy indices of both DCP treated females were lower than expected in the regular and postrecovery reproduction phase. No effects were seen on pup survival, sex distribution, body weights, organ weights, and ratios. A modest reduction in pup body weights was observed following TECP exposure but was attributed to large litter size. No treatment related effects were seen following necropsy of adults or weanlings, nor were such effects noted following microscopic evaluation of gonads from parental animals.
The comparative toxicity of two chlorinated propene isomers, 1,2,3-trichloropropene (TRCP) and 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene (TECP), was investigated via subchronic oral admin to rats for 4 weeks. Test groups, each consisting of 5 male and 5 female rats, were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day TRCP or TECP by gavage. A separate corn oil control group was used for each chloropropene. While all rats of both sexes given 300 mg/kg/day TRCP died, only 1 female exposed to 300 mg/kg TECP died. Mean body weights were reduced in male rats given 100 mg/kg/day TRCP. With TECP, dose related reductions in mean body weight and food consumption were seen at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day. Moderate fatty changes in the livers of high dose TRCP treated rats which died during the first study week were probably related to chloropropene exposure. Treatment related necrotic/degenerative lesions of the liver were seen in both male and female rats admin 300 mg/kg/day TECP.
[EN] CATALYTIC FLUORINATION PROCESS OF MAKING HYDROHALOALKANE<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRODUCTION D'UN HYDROHALOALCANE PAR FLUORATION CATALYTIQUE
申请人：NAPPA MARIO JOSEPH
公开号：WO2013071024A1
公开（公告）日：2013-05-16
The present disclosure provides a fluorination process which involves reacting a hydrohaloalkene of the formula RfCCl=CH2 with HF in a reaction zone in the presence of a fluorination catalyst selected from the group consisting of TaF5 and TiF4 to produce a product mixture containing a hydrohaloalkane of the formula RfCFClCH3, wherein Rf is a perfluorinated alkyl group.
Catalytic Gas Phase Fluorination of 1233xf to 1234yf
申请人：Deur-Bert Dominique
公开号：US20110160497A1
公开（公告）日：2011-06-30
The present invention provides a process for preparing 1234yf, comprising:
(i) contacting 1233xf with hydrogen fluoride HF in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction mixture;
(ii) separating the reaction mixture into a first stream comprising HCl, 1234yf and a second stream comprising HF, unreacted 1233xf and 245cb;
(iii) recycling at least a part of the second stream at least in part back to step (i).
The present invention also provides a process for preparing 1234yf, comprising:
(i) contacting 1233xf with hydrogen fluoride HF in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction mixture;
(ii) separating the reaction mixture into HCl and a stream containing the fluorinated products;
(iii) separating said stream containing the fluorinated products into a first stream comprising 1234yf and a second stream comprising HF, unreacted 1233xf and 245cb;
(iv) recycling at least a part of the second stream at least in part back to step (i).
本发明提供了一种制备1234yf的方法，包括：
(i) 在氟化催化剂存在下，在足以产生反应混合物的条件下，将1233xf与气相中的氢氟酸HF接触;
(ii) 将反应混合物分离成包含HCl、1234yf的第一流和包含HF、未反应的1233xf和245cb的第二流;
(iii) 至少部分地将第二流至少部分地回收到步骤(i)中。
本发明还提供了一种制备1234yf的方法，包括：
(i) 在氟化催化剂存在下，在足以产生反应混合物的条件下，将1233xf与气相中的氢氟酸HF接触;
(ii) 将反应混合物分离成HCl和含有氟化产物的流;
(iii) 将含有氟化产物的流分离成包含1234yf的第一流和包含HF、未反应的1233xf和245cb的第二流;
(iv) 至少部分地将第二流至少部分地回收到步骤(i)中。
CATALYTIC GAS PHASE FLUORINATION
申请人：Pigamo Anne
公开号：US20140039228A1
公开（公告）日：2014-02-06
The present invention relates to a fluorination process, comprising:
an activation stage comprising contacting a fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow for at least one hour; and
at least one reaction stage comprising reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of the fluorination catalyst, so as to produce a fluorinated compound.
The present invention provides an economically advantageous method for efficiently producing a fluorine-containing compound while ensuring high conversion of the starting compound, reducing production of 245cb, and reducing equipment costs and energy costs. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound represented by Formula (3): CF
3
CFY
n
CH
2
Z
n
(wherein n is 0 or 1, one of Y and Z is H, and the other is F or Cl) by successively reacting at least one chlorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of chlorine-containing fluoroalkane represented by Formula (1): CX
3
CHClCH
2
Cl (wherein X is independently F or Cl, with the proviso that at least one X is F) and chlorine-containing fluoroolefin represented by Formula (2): CX
3
CCl═CH
2
(wherein X is independently F or Cl, with the proviso that at least one X is F) with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, wherein the concentration of hydrogen chloride in a reactor inlet gas is not less than 0.01 vol % and not more than 10 vol %.
