苯甲酸,4-[(1E)-2-[[(4-氯苯基)甲基]磺酰]乙烯基]- | 8003-19-8

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机卤素化合物 - 乙烯基卤化物
• 中文名称: 苯甲酸,4-[(1E)-2-[[(4-氯苯基)甲基]磺酰]乙烯基]-
• 中文别名: 滴·滴混剂
• 英文名称: 1,2-Dichloropropane;1,3-dichloroprop-1-ene
• 英文别名: 1,2-dichloropropane;1,3-dichloroprop-1-ene
• CAS: 8003-19-8
• 化学式: C6H10Cl4
• 分子量: 223.9
• InChiKey: FLWMCWWTXIAPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 密度：
  1.4 g/cm3(Temp: 4 °C)
• 颜色/状态：
  Clear amber liquid
• 气味：
  Pungent odor
• 闪点：
  17.5 °C
• 溶解度：
  About 2 g/kg water at room temp; fully miscible with esters, halogenated solvents, hydrocarbons, ketones
• 蒸汽压力：
  4.6 kPa at 20 °C
• 稳定性/保质期：

  The mixture is stable up to 500 °C ... but reacts with dilute organic bases, concentrated acids, halogens, & some metal salts.

• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.
• 腐蚀性：
  Corrosive to iron, aluminum, magnesium & other metals and alloys.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.83
• 重原子数：
  10
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.67
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

... /大鼠/ 饮食了标记有(14)C的1,2-二氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯的两种异构体 ... /显示出/ 它们在代谢上的差异。所有化合物中有80到90%的放射性在最初的24小时内被消除。放射性物质的主要排泄途径是尿液，其中1,2-二氯丙烷、顺-1,3-二氯丙烯和反-1,3-二氯丙烯活性的百分比分别为50.2、80.7和56.5%。两种异构体呼出的(14)C二氧化碳量相当不同。顺式异构体仅产生了剂量的3.9%，而反式异构体产生了23.6%，相应地尿液中放射性物质较少。正如挥发性化合物所预期的那样，残留未反应的化合物并未作为显著的残留物存在，尽管代谢物进入了正常的代谢池。随后 ... /证明了/ 大鼠尿液中回收了82-84%的标记在第二个碳上的(14)C放射性，形式为N-乙酰-S-((顺)-3-氯丙烯基)胱氨酸。

... /Rats/ fed (14)C-labeled 1,2-dichloropropane & both isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene ... /showed/ differences in their metabolism. With all cmpd 80 to 90% of radioactivity was eliminated in first 24 hr. Major route of excretion of radioactivity was in urine, where 50.2, 80.7 & 56.5% of 1,2-dichloropropane, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, & trans-1,3-dichloropropene activity were found, respectively. The amount of (14)C-carbon dioxide exhaled was quite different for the two isomers. The cis-isomer yielded only 3.9% of dose & trans-isomer 23.6%, with correspondingly less in the radioactivity in the urine. As expected with volatile cmpd, residual unreacted cmpd were not present as significant residues, although metabolites entered the normal metabolic pool. Subsequently ... /it was shown/ that 82-84% of the radioactivity of (14)C labeled on the second carbon was recovered in the urine of rats as N-acetyl-S-((cis)-3-chloroprop-2-enyl) cysteine.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别：二氯丙烯和二氯丙烷的技术混合物是一种清澈的琥珀色液体，具有刺鼻的气味。它可溶于卤代溶剂、酯和酮。在种植前，它被广泛用作土壤杀线虫剂。人类暴露：二氯丙烷-二氯丙烯混合物不再广泛使用，因此，普通人群通过空气、水和食物接触的可能性不大。有一起因意外摄入导致的急性致命中毒的报道。已有多起接触性皮炎和皮肤过敏的报道。动物研究：二氯丙烷-二氯丙烯混合物对实验动物的急性毒性为中等至高。急性暴露会导致与中枢神经系统抑制相关的临床症状。它是一种严重的眼睛和皮肤刺激物，是一种中等程度的皮肤致敏剂。在一项为期两年的大鼠长期研究中，大鼠饲料中含有每公斤高达120毫克的混合物，没有观察到有毒或致癌作用。尚未对二氯丙烷-二氯丙烯混合物进行代谢研究。两种主要成分，1,2-二氯丙烯和1,2-二氯丙烷，会迅速消除，主要在尿液中，其次在呼出的空气中。混合物的成分通过氧化和结合途径进行代谢。主要的尿代谢物是巯基酸。

IDENTIFICATION: The technical mixture of dichloropropenes and dichloropropane is a clear amber liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in halogenated solvents, esters, and ketones. It was widely used as a soil nematocide before planting. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Dichloropropane-Dichloropropene mixture is no longer widely used and, thus, exposure of the general population via air, water, and food is unlikely. One case of acute fatal poisoning has been reported following accidental ingestion. Several cases of contact dermatitis and skin sensitization have been reported. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute toxicity of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture for laboratory animals is moderate to high. Acute exposure results in clinical signs associated with central nervous system depression. It is a severe eye and skin irritant and it is a moderate dermal sensitizer. In a long-term study on rats fed diets containing up to 120 mg of the mixture per kg for 2 years, no toxic or carcinogenic effects were seen. No metabolic studies have been carried out on dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture. The two major components, 1,2-dichloropropene and 1,2-dichloropropane, are rapidly eliminated, primarily in the urine and, to a lesser extent, via expired air. The components of the mixture are metabolized by oxidative and conjunction pathways. The major urinary metabolites are mercapturic acids.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

1. 用大量的水或盐水冲洗皮肤和眼睛至少15分钟，以清除污染的熏蒸剂。有些熏蒸剂对角膜有腐蚀性，可能导致失明。在用大量清水冲洗干净后，应立即获得专业医疗救治。皮肤污染可能导致水泡和深度化学烧伤。在没有吸入熏蒸剂的情况下，某些熏蒸剂通过皮肤吸收就足以引起系统性中毒。由于这些原因，眼睛和皮肤的解毒必须立即进行且彻底。2. 立即将吸入熏蒸剂的受害者移至新鲜空气处。尽管最初的症状和体征可能较轻，但应让受害者保持安静，处于半躺卧位。最小的体力活动限制可以减少肺水肿的可能性。3. 如果受害者停止呼吸，清除气道分泌物，并用正压氧气装置进行复苏。如果没有正压氧气装置，使用胸外按压来维持呼吸。如果受害者无脉搏，进行心脏复苏。4. 如果出现肺水肿迹象，有几种措施可以维持生命。然而，在处理每个病例时必须依赖医疗判断。通常推荐以下程序：A. 将受害者置于有靠背的坐位。B. 使用间歇性和/或连续正压氧气来缓解低氧血症。C. 缓慢给予呋塞米（速尿），40毫克，或乙酰螺旋霉素，50毫克，通过诱导利尿来减少静脉负荷。D. 小剂量（5-10毫克）的吗啡，缓慢静脉注射，以缓解焦虑并促进更深层次的呼吸运动。E. 缓慢静脉注射氨茶碱（0.25-0.50克）。F. 考虑使用洋地黄，但在缺氧和有毒心肌中存在严重的心律失常风险。G. 在某些情况下可能需要气管切开术，以便吸出大量的肺水肿液体。H. 肾上腺素、阿托品和祛痰药通常无帮助，且可能使治疗复杂化。I. 密切观察复发性肺水肿，即使在初次发作后2周内。限制受害者的体力活动至少4周。严重的身体虚弱通常表明持续的肺损伤。连续的肺功能测试可能有助于评估恢复情况。5. 通过将受害者置于特伦德伦堡体位并通过静脉注射血浆、全血和/或电解质和葡萄糖溶液来对抗休克，要非常小心以避免肺水肿。应持续监测中心静脉压。由于心肌的易激性，必须非常谨慎地给予血管收缩剂。6. 控制抽搐。中毒最有可能发生在甲基溴、氢氰酸、丙烯腈、磷化氢和二硫化碳的情况下。

1. FLUSH contaminating fumigants from the skin and eyse with copious amounts of water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Some fumigants are corrosive to the cornea and may cause BLINDNESS. Specialized medical treatment should be obtained promptly following removal of toxicant by copious flushing with clean water. Skin contamination may cause BLISTERING and deep chemical burns. Absorption of some fumigants across the skin may be sufficient to cause systemic poisoning in the absence of fumigant inhalation. For all these reasons, decontamination of eyes and skin must must be IMMEDIATE and THROUGH. 2. REMOVE victims of fumigant inhalation to FRESH AIR immediately. Even though initial symptoms and signs are mild, keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum pohysical activity limits the likehood ofpulmonary edema. 3. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and RESUSCITATE with positive poressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. If victim is pulseless, employ cardiac resuscitation. 4. If PULMONARY EDEMA is evident, there are several measures avilable to sustain life. Medical judgement must be relied upon, however, in the management of each case. The following procedures are generally recommended: A. Put the victim in a SITTING position with a backrest. B. Use intermittent and/or continuous positive pressure OXYGEN to relieve hypoxemia. ... C. Slowly administer FUROSEMIDE, 40 mg, or SODIUM ETHACRYNATE, 50 mg, to reduce venous load by inducing diuresis. ... D. Morphine in small doses (5-10 mg), slowly, iv to allay anxiety and promote deeper respiratory excursions. E. Administer AMINOPHYLLINE (0.25-0.50 gm) slowly, iv. ... F. Digitalization may be considered, but there is a serious risk of arrhythmias in an anoxic and toxic myocardium. G. TRACHEOSTOMY may be necessary in some cases to facilitate aspiration of large amounts of pulmonary edema fluid. H. Epinephrine, atorpine, and expectorants are generally not helpful, and may complicate treatment. I. Watch for RECURRENT PULMONARY EDEMA, even up to 2 weeks after the initial episode. Limit victim's physical activity for at least 4 weeks. Severe physical weakness usually indicates persistent pulmonary injury. Serial pulmonary function testing may be useful in assessing recovery. 5. Combat SHOCK by placing victim in the Trendelenburg position and administering plasma, whole blood, and/or electrolyte and glucose solutions intravenously, with great care, to avoid pulmonary edema. Central venous pressure should be monitored continously. Vasopressor amines must be given with great caution, because of the irritability of the myocardium. 6. Control CONVULSIONS. Seizures are most likely to occur in poisonings by methyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, phosphine, and carbon disulfide. ... /Fumigant poisoning/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

如果摄入杀虫剂液体或固体后不到几小时就进行治疗，必须采取一切可能的预防措施，通过胃管插入、抽吸和灌洗尽可能有效地去除胃内残留物，以防止吸入胃内容物对呼吸道的伤害。A. 在胃管插入前放置一个带有气囊的气管内导管。如果呼吸受抑制，给予氧气，使用机械呼吸机。B. 用盐水或水中的活性炭悬浮液灌洗胃部。在胃中留下一定量的悬浮液，并配合适量的山梨醇作为泻药……。C. 如果治疗延迟，且患者完全清醒，口服活性炭和山梨醇……。每2-4小时重复给予一半或更多初始剂量的炭可能有益。D. 不要给予动植物脂肪或油，因为这些会增强胃肠道对许多杀虫剂化合物的吸收。8. 静脉输注葡萄糖有助于限制许多物质对肝脏的毒性。监测中心静脉压，以避免因液体超负荷而诱发或加重肺水肿。应密切观察受害者是否有延迟性或复发性肺水肿的迹象，以及是否有支气管肺炎。应监测液体平衡，并定期检查尿沉渣以提示管状损伤。测量血清碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和胆红素以评估肝脏损伤。9. 在处理一例四氯化碳中毒的案例中，使用活性炭上的血液灌流似乎取得了明显的成功。……10. 如果出现肾衰竭，可能需要体外血液透析来调节细胞外液体的组成。它可能在去除血液中的亲脂性杀虫剂化合物方面不太有效，但当然，如果出现肾衰竭，它在控制细胞外液体组成方面是有效的。/杀虫剂中毒/

7. If a FUMIGANT LIQUID OR SOLID has been INGESTED less than several hours prior to treatment, quantities remaining in the stomach must be removed as effectively as possible by gastric intubation, aspiration, and lavage, after all possible precautions have been taken to protect the respiratory tract from aspirated gasric contents. A. Put in place a cuffed ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE prior to gastric intubation. Administer OXYGEN, using a mechanical ventilator if respiration is depressed. B. Lavage the stomach with a slurry of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL in saline or water. Leave a volume of the slurry in the stomach with an appropriate dose of sorbitol as cathartic ... . C. If treatment is delayed and if the patient remains fully alert, adminsiter activated charcoal and sorbitol orally. ... Repeated administration of charcoal at half or more the initial dosage every 2-4 hours may be beneficial. D. Do not given vegetable or animal fats or oils, which enhance gastrointestinal absorption of many of the fumigant compounds. 8. Intravenous infusions of GLUCOSE are valuable in limiting the heptotoxicity of many substances. Monitor central venous presure to avoid precipitating, or aggravating, pulmonary edema by fluid overlaod. The victim should be watched closely for indications of delayed or recurrent pulmonary edema, and for bronchophenumonia. Fluid balance should be monitored, and urine sediment should be checked regularly for indications of tubular injury. Measure serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, AST, and bilirubin to assess liver injury. 9. HEMOPERFUSION OVER ACTIVATED CHARCOAL has been used in managing a case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with apparent success. ... 10. EXTRACORPOREAL HEMODIALYSIS may be needed to regulate extracellular fluid composition if renal failure supervenes. It is probably not very effective in removing lipophilic fumigant compounds from blood, but is, of course, effective in controlling extracellular fluid composition if renal failure occurs. /Fumigant poisoning/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

稳定化处理：治疗主要是支持性的。注意观察呼吸抑制和心律失常。取得动脉血气分析。如果有意识状态改变或呼吸困难的表现，给予吸氧。通过容量扩张和血管加压素治疗低血压。对于室性心律失常，使用利多卡因或β-阻滞剂。皮肤：去除被污染的衣物。用肥皂和大量水清洗受影响的区域。眼睛：冲洗眼睛15-20分钟。如果症状持续，寻求专业咨询。口服：在几小时内，如果患者没有失去呕吐反射、没有抽搐、没有明显昏迷，那么摄入1-2口量的卤代溶剂可能会通过催吐剂诱导呕吐部分排出。保持患者直立位，以减少吸入的可能性。活性炭可能无效。吸入：离开污染区域。提供氧气来源并准备机械通气。如果患者无意识和无脉搏，开始心肺复苏措施。增强消除：保持良好的通风。由于这些溶剂的高脂溶性，血液透析或血液灌流可能不会有用。解毒剂：N-乙酰半胱氨酸可能恢复耗尽的谷胱甘肽储备，但没有足够的临床研究来验证这种可能的治疗方法。支持性护理：注意心脏心律失常、吸入性肺炎、肝毒性和缺氧性脑病。至少监测心律失常24小时，肝肾功能衰竭大约3天。取得胸部X光片、动脉血气分析、心电图、血清肌酐和肝氨基转移酶。每天检查电解质失衡。用透析治疗肾衰竭，用新鲜冷冻血浆、维生素K、低蛋白饮食、新霉素和乳果糖治疗肝衰竭。注意液体和电解质平衡。/卤代烃/

Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

该混合物对皮肤有严重刺激性。目前没有具体信息关于对眼睛的有害性，但已知其蒸气会刺激眼睛和上呼吸道。

The mixture is severely irritating to the skin. Specific information is not available on injuriousness to the eye, but the vapor is known to irritate the eyes & upper respiratory tract.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

通过皮肤吸收尤其发生在液体被限制或者在含有丙二醇的溶液中，后者减缓了蒸发。

Absorption through the skin occurred particularly when the liquid was confined or when in a propylene glycol solution which retarded evaporation.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

... 在最初的24小时内，所有化合物的80至90%的放射性被消除。放射性物质的主要排泄途径是尿液，其中1,2-二氯丙烷、顺式-1,3-二氯丙烯和反式-1,3-二氯丙烯的活性分别发现了50.2%、80.7%和56.5%。两种异构体的(14)C-二氧化碳呼出量相当不同。顺式异构体仅产生了剂量的3.9%，而反式异构体产生了23.6%，相应地尿液中的放射性也较少。

... With all cmpd 80 to 90% of radioactivity was eliminated in first 24 hr. Major route of excretion of radioactivity was in urine, where 50.2, 80.7 & 56.5% of 1,2-dichloropropane, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, & trans-1,3-dichloropropene activity were found, respectively. The amount of (14)C-carbon dioxide exhaled was quite different for the two isomers. The cis-isomer yielded only 3.9% of dose & trans-isomer 23.6%, with correspondingly less in the radioactivity in the urine.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

制备方法与用途

类别：农药
毒性分级：剧毒
急性毒性：

• 口服-大鼠 LD50: 140 毫克/公斤
• 口服-小鼠 LD50: 3 毫克/公斤

刺激数据：

• 皮肤-兔子：500毫克，重度
• 眼睛-兔子：5毫克，重度

可燃性危险特性：

• 明火可燃
• 受热分解有毒氯化物气体

储运特性：

• 库房通风、低温干燥
• 与食品原料分开储运

灭火剂：

• 砂土
• 干粉
• 泡沫

文献信息

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  公开号：WO1992008351A1

  公开（公告）日：1992-05-29

  (EN) A method for the treatment of nematodes includes applying to the nematodes in the soil a nematicidal amount of furfural. The furfural is preferably impregnated into the nematode-infested soil. The furfural may be applied neat or suspended in a variety of liquid or solid carrier systems, and is applied to the soil by methods including mixing, fumigation and injection. The furfural has excellent nematicidal effect at low concentrations, is cost effective, and is not phytotoxic.(FR) Le procédé décrit, qui sert à lutter contre la prolifération des nématodes, consiste à appliquer dans la terre contenant les nématodes une quantité nématicide de furfural, lequel est de préférence imprégné dans la terre infestée de nématodes. Le furfural peut être appliquer à l'état non dilué ou en suspension dans une grande variété de systèmes porteurs liquides ou solides et il est appliqué dans la terre par des procédés tels que le mélange, la fumigation et l'injection. Le furfural possède d'excellentes propriétés nématicides à des concentrations faibles, il a un bon rapport coût/efficacité et il n'est pas phytotoxique.