2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is a colorless nonflammable gas. Nearly odorless.
颜色/状态：
Colorless gas
沸点：
-12.0 °C
熔点：
-199 °C
溶解度：
In water, 1.5X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C
密度：
1.364 g/mL at 25 °C
蒸汽密度：
4.7 (Air = 1)
蒸汽压力：
385 kPa (2,888 mm Hg) at 25 °C
大气OH速率常数：
9.50e-15 cm3/molecule*sec
分解：
Under certain conditions, /chlorofluorocarbon/ vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating the potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Chlorofluorocarbon/
粘度：
Gas: 0.138 mPa.s at 60 °C; Liquid: 0.0314 mPa.s at 25 °C
汽化热：
Latent heat of vaporization: 167.9 kJ/kg
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
2.4
重原子数：
7
可旋转键数：
0
环数：
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
1.0
拓扑面积：
0
氢给体数：
0
氢受体数：
4
ADMET
代谢
HCFC-124与其他卤代烃一起进行研究，因为它与已知的肝毒素卤索烷在结构上存在相似性（都含有 geminal dihalomethyl group [-CHX2]）。此处仅讨论了HCFC-124的结果及其与其他化合物的比较。在暴露于1% HCFC-124 6小时后，三氟乙酸（TFA）随尿液排出——15.6 umol/12hour/kg。TFA排泄的顺序为HCFC-123=卤索烷>HCFC-124>HCFC-125。HCFC-124显示出与卤索烷暴露后观察到的TFA-蛋白质（微粒体和细胞溶质）模式相似，尽管个别条带的免疫反应性较低。TFA-蛋白质形成的顺序为卤索烷=HCFC-123>>HCFC-124>HCFC-125。卤索烷和HCFC-124提出的生物活化方案为：细胞色素P-450催化氢提取，产生中间体1,1-二卤-2,2,2,-三氟乙基自由基：氧气回弹会生成 geminal halohydrin：失去HX会生成三氟乙酰氯或氟化物，这可能会经过氧化生成TFA，或者可能与蛋白质中的亲核位点反应生成TFA-蛋白质。数据支持细胞色素P-450催化的卤醇形成是产生TFA和TFA-蛋白质加合物的限速步骤的理论。数据显示，二卤甲基团（CHX2）上的氟化程度增加，体内的代谢作用减少。
HCFC-124 has been studied with the other halocarbons due to structural similarities (all contain a geminal dihalomethyl group [-CHX2]) with halothane, a known hepatotoxin. Only the results for HCFC-124 and it's comparison to the other compounds is discussed here. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was excreted in urine following 6 hour exposure to 1% HCFC-124 - 15.6 umol/12hour/kg. TFA excretion rank order HCFC-123=halothane>HCFC-124>HCFC-125. HCFC-124 showed a pattern of TFA-proteins (microsomal and cytosolic) similar to that seen following halothane exposure, although the immunoreactivity of individual bands was lower. TFA-protein formation rank order halothane=HCFC-123>>HCFC-124>HCFC-125. ... The proposed bioactivation scheme for halothane and HCFC-124 is: cytochrome P-450 catalyzed hydrogen abstraction to yield the intermediate 1,1-dihalo-2,2,2,-trifluoroethyl radical: oxygen rebound would give the geminal halohydrin: loss of HX would give trifluoroacetylchloride or fluoride which may undergo oxidation to give TFA or may react with nucleophilic sites in proteins to give TFA-protein. The data support the theory that cytochrome P-450-catalyzed formation of halohydrins is the rate-limiting step in the production of TFA and TFA-protein adducts. The data demonstrates increasing fluorination on the dihalomethyl group (CHX2) decreases in vivo metabolism.
Metabolism studies were conducted using Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats following inhalation exposure to 1.0% (v/v) air atmospheres of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211), and perfluorohexane (PFH) for 2 hr. There were no remarkable differences in results between the two strains of rats. Animals exposed to HCFC-123 or HCFC-124 excreted trifluoroacetic acid in their urine. Urinary fluoride concentrations were increased in rats exposed to HCFC-124, and urinary bromide levels were increased in rats exposed to Halon 1211. ...
Gas-uptake pharmacokinetics & metab of the chlorofluorocarbon replacement 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) were investigated in rats, mice, & hamsters. Species differences in the rate of uptake of HCFC-124 and urinary excretion of trifluoroacetic acid were observed. In rats & mice, the uptake of HCFC-124 was described by both saturable & first-order components, whereas in the hamster only first-order uptake was observed. The in vivo metabolic rate constants obtained from computer simulation of the gas-uptake data were: for rats-KM= 1.2 mg liter-1 (8.79 mmol liter-1, Vmaxc= 0.35 : 0.01 mg kg-1 hr-1 (2.56 : 0.01 mmol kg-1 hr-1), & kfc= 1.25 : 0.01 hr-1 kg231; for mice-KM= 1.2 mg liter-1 (8.79 mmol liter-1), Vmaxc= 1.78 : 0.01 mg kg-1 hr-1 (13.0 : 0.007 mmol kg-1 hr-1), & kfc= 4.08 : 0.01 hr-1 kg-1; & for hamsters-kfc= 1.47 : 0.02 hr-1 kg-1. The production & excretion of trifluoroacetic acid, the major urinary metabolite of HCFC-124, were also simulated in rats & mice, but not in hamsters, by the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model when the in vivo metabolic rate constants obtained in the gas-uptake simulation studies were used. The blood:air partition coefficient of HCFC-124 in the hamster was lower than in the rat or mouse. A low blood:air partition coefficient may limit the pulmonary uptake of volatile chemicals.
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
毒性数据
LC50 (大鼠) > 360,000 ppm/6小时；
LC50 (rat) > 360,000 ppm/6H;
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Exposure of dogs to concentrations of 2.5% (139,500 mg/cu m) or greater combined with concurrent injection of epinephrine (adrenalin) at 0.008 mg/kg resulted in cardiac sensitization to the epinephrine.
If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be admin since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/
Victims of freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, & cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, & high flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema & treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenegic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin & countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40-42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb & standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation & slit lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/
Fischer rats, 200g, were individually exposed to 1% (10,000 ppm) HCFC-124 in a small exposure chamber, which was periodically "topped up" with oxygen. Following the end of exposure, animals were immediately transferred into a metabolism cage, 20 hour urine collected and stored frozen until analysis by (19)F-NMR. During the exposure, chamber concentrations of HCFC-124 decreased with time, with similar rates of decrease between 30-90 minutes of the 2 hour exposure. The reduction demonstrates uptake by the rat. The (19)F-NMR analysis showed the urine sample contained trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 156 umol) and fluoride (not quantified). No other metabolites were detected. Average excretion rate of 1.3 umol of TFA/24 hours was estimated.
... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood at concentrations that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. Fluorocarbons/
There is a significant accumulation of fluorocarbons in brain, liver & lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform. /Fluorocarbons/
Abosrption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/
Synthetic Utilization of 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
摘要：
Abstractβ‐Substituted α‐fluoro‐α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids have been successfully synthesized, usually in a (Z)‐stereospecific manner by way of a stepwise or a one‐pot three‐step procedure starting from 2‐chloro‐1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HCFC‐124), one of the major byproducts of the industrial process for tetrafluoroethene formation from chlorofluoromethane (HCFC‐22).
The present invention relates to the pyrolysis of hydrochlorofluorocarbons to form fluoromonomers such as tetrafluoroethylene, the pyrolysis being carried out in a reaction zone lined with nickel and mechanically supported by a jacket of other corrosion resistant metal, the nickel lining providing an improved yield of valuable reaction products.
NOVEL CATALYTIC METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLUOROALKYLENES FROM CHLOROFLUOROHYDROCARBONS
申请人：Mukhopadhyay Sudip
公开号：US20060217577A1
公开（公告）日：2006-09-28
A process for producing a producing a product of the formula:
R—CF═CHR
1
wherein R is F or CF
3
and R
1
is F when R is F and is H when R is CF
3
by reacting a reactant of the formula:
CF
3
—R
2
wherein R
2
is selected from
wherein R
3
is H, F or Cl and R
4
is H or Cl,
in the presence of a suitable catalyst, with a reducing agent selected from methane, methyl chloride and mixtures thereof, in a gas phase reaction.
Experimental Studies of Ozone Depletion by Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s), Bromofluorocarbons (BFC’s), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC’s), and CH<sub>3</sub>Br Using a 6-m<sup>3</sup>Photochemical Chamber
作者：Nobuaki Washida、Takashi Imamura、Hiroshi Bandow
DOI：10.1246/bcsj.69.535
日期：1996.3
BFC’s than in the CFC’s. According to a box-model simulation, in the CFCl3 system 90% of the catalytic cycle proceeds from reactions of Cl + O3 → ClO + O2 and ClO + O → Cl + O2. On the other hand, in the CF3Br system 90% of the catalytic cycle is governed by the following reactions: Br + O3 → BrO + O2 and BrO + BrO → 2Br + O2. The HCFC’s and CH3Br can destroy the ozone with sufficient potential as CFC’s
A process for production of high-purity hexafluoroethane, wherein a mixed gas containing hexafluoroethane and chlorotrifluoromethane is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst at 200-450° C., for fluorination of the chlorotrifluoromethane, or wherein pentafluoroethane containing chlorine compounds with 1-3 carbon atoms is reacted with hydrogen in a gas phase in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 150-400° C., and the product is then reacted with fluorine in a gas phase in the presence of a diluent gas.
[EN] PROCESS FOR PURIFYING PENTAFLUOROETHANE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] PROCEDE DE PURIFICATION DE PENTAFLUOROETHANE, PROCEDE DE PRODUCTION DE PENTAFLUOROETHANE, ET UTILISATION DE CE PENTAFLUOROETHANE
申请人：SHOWA DENKO KK
公开号：WO2004005226A1
公开（公告）日：2004-01-15
ABSTRACT A process comprising bringing crude pentafluoroethane containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons containing one carbon atom, hydrochlorofluorocarbons containing one carbon atom and hydrochlorocarbons containing one carbon atom, into contact with an adsorbent comprising a zeolite having an average pore size of 3 to 6 Å and a silica/aluminum ratio of 2.0 or less and/or a carbonaceous adsorbent having an average pore size of 3.5 to 6 Å, to reduce the content of the compound. The purified gas can be used as a low temperature refrigerant or an etching gas.
