2-chloro-9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine | 10147-12-3

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 核苷、核苷酸和类似物 - 嘌呤核苷
• 英文名称: 2-chloro-9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine
• 英文别名: 9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-2-chloroadenine；arabinosyl 2-chloroadenine；Ara-(2Cl)Ade；1-(6-amino-2-chloro-purin-9-yl)-β-D-1-deoxy-arabinofuranose；9-ss-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-chloradenin；(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
• CAS: 10147-12-3
• 化学式: C₁₀H₁₂ClN₅O₄
• 分子量: 301.689
• InChiKey: BIXYYZIIJIXVFW-FJFJXFQQSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  643.3±65.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  2.19±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.1
• 重原子数：
  20
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  140
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  8

上下游信息

• 上游原料

  中文名称	英文名称	CAS号	化学式	分子量
  2-氯腺嘌呤核苷	2-Chloroadenosine	146-77-0	C10H12ClN5O4	301.689
  阿糖腺苷	arabinosyl adenine	5536-17-4	C10H13N5O4	267.244
  9-Β-D-糖呋喃鸟嘌呤	9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine	38819-10-2	C10H13N5O5	283.244
  阿糖尿苷	araU	3083-77-0	C9H12N2O6	244.204

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  阿糖腺苷 在 purine nucleoside 2’-deoxyribosyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei 作用下， 以 aq. phosphate buffer 为溶剂， 反应 8.0h， 生成 2-chloro-9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  使用来自布鲁氏锥虫的高度通用的嘌呤核苷2'-脱氧核糖基转移酶酶促合成治疗性核苷

  摘要：

  与多步化学方法相比，使用酶来合成核苷类似物具有多个优势，包括化学，区域和立体选择性以及较温和的反应条件。本文报道了来自布鲁氏锥虫的嘌呤核苷2'-脱氧核糖基转移酶（PDT）的生产，表征和利用。Tb PDT是一种二聚体，不仅在很宽的温度范围（50–70°C），pH（4–7）和离子强度（0–500 mM NaCl）范围内都显示出出色的活性和稳定性，而且在高温下具有非凡的高稳定性碱性条件（pH 8-10）。bPDT被证明可以熟练地合成许多治疗性核苷，包括去羟肌苷，维达拉滨，克拉屈滨，氟达拉滨和奈拉拉滨。用Ala或Ser进行结构指导的Val11置换，导致变体的活性提高了2.8倍。Tb PDT也共价固定在戊二醛激活的磁性微球上。选择了M Tb PDT3作为最佳衍生物（4200 IU / g，活性回收率为22％），可以轻松地将其重新捕获和再循环用于> 25个反应，而活性损失可忽略不计。最后，男铽PDT3

  DOI：

  10.1002/cctc.201800775

文献信息

• The arsenolysis reaction in the biotechnological method of synthesis of modified purine β-D-arabinonucleosides
  作者：I. D. Konstantinova、I. V. Fateev、A. I. Miroshnikov

  DOI：10.1134/s1068162016040105

  日期：2016.7

  We found a unique property of E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylases to selectively perform the arsenolysis reaction of ribonucleosides in their active site without affecting β-D-arabinonucleosides. In the synthesis of modified β-D-arabinonucleosides from the corresponding ribonucleosides, the catalytical amount of sodium arsenate in the transglycosylation reaction provided a 95 to 98% conversion

  我们发现了大肠杆菌嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶的独特性质，可以在其活性位点选择性地进行核糖核苷的砷分解反应，而不影响 β-D-阿拉伯核苷。在由相应的核糖核苷合成修饰的 β-D-阿拉伯核苷时，转糖基化反应中砷酸钠的催化量提供了 95% 至 98% 的转化率。这种方法被证明可以简化反应混合物的组成并促进目标核苷的分离，特别是阿糖腺苷、氟达拉滨和奈拉滨。
• Preparation of 2-chloro-9-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-adenine
  申请人：Henschke Julian Paul

  公开号：US20120010397A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-01-12

  A process for making clofarabine comprising: fluorinating a compound of formula VII wherein each R 4 is independently a hydroxy protecting group, OR 6 is a leaving group, with a fluorinating agent in the presence of guanidine carbonate to give a compound of formula VIII: wherein R 4 is as defined above; and deprotecting the compound of formula VIII to give the clofarabine.

  制备克洛法宾的过程包括：在氰基碳酸盐存在下，用氟化剂氟化化学式VII的化合物，其中每个R4分别是一个羟基保护基，OR6是一个脱离基，以得到化学式VIII的化合物：其中R4如上定义；然后去保护化学式VIII的化合物以获得克洛法宾。
• The chemoenzymatic synthesis of clofarabine and related 2′-deoxyfluoroarabinosyl nucleosides: the electronic and stereochemical factors determining substrate recognition by <i>E. coli</i> nucleoside phosphorylases
  作者：Ilja V Fateev、Konstantin V Antonov、Irina D Konstantinova、Tatyana I Muravyova、Frank Seela、Roman S Esipov、Anatoly I Miroshnikov、Igor A Mikhailopulo

  DOI：10.3762/bjoc.10.173

  日期：——

  Two approaches to the synthesis of 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (1, clofarabine) were studied. The first approach consists in the chemical synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranose-1-phosphate (12a, ^2FAra-1P) via three step conversion of 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranose (9) into the phosphate 12a without isolation of intermediary products. Condensation of 12a with 2-chloroadenine catalyzed by the recombinant E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) resulted in the formation of clofarabine in 67% yield. The reaction was also studied with a number of purine bases (2-aminoadenine and hypoxanthine), their analogues (5-aza-7-deazaguanine and 8-aza-7-deazahypoxanthine) and thymine. The results were compared with those of a similar reaction with α-D-arabinofuranose-1-phosphate (13a, Ara-1P). Differences of the reactivity of various substrates were analyzed by ab initio calculations in terms of the electronic structure (natural purines vs analogues) and stereochemical features (^2FAra-1P vs Ara-1P) of the studied compounds to determine the substrate recognition by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases. The second approach starts with the cascade one-pot enzymatic transformation of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose into the phosphate 12a, followed by its condensation with 2-chloroadenine thereby affording clofarabine in ca. 48% yield in 24 h. The following recombinant E. coli enzymes catalyze the sequential conversion of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose into the phosphate 12a: ribokinase (2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranose-5-phosphate), phosphopentomutase (PPN; no 1,6-diphosphates of D-hexoses as co-factors required) (12a), and finally PNP. The substrate activities of D-arabinose, D-ribose and D-xylose in the similar cascade syntheses of the relevant 2-chloroadenine nucleosides were studied and compared with the activities of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose. As expected, D-ribose exhibited the best substrate activity [90% yield of 2-chloroadenosine (8) in 30 min], D-arabinose reached an equilibrium at a concentration of ca. 1:1 of a starting base and the formed 2-chloro-9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (6) in 45 min, the formation of 2-chloro-9-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine (7) proceeded very slowly attaining ca. 8% yield in 48 h.

  对2-氯-9-(2-脱氧-2-氟-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃核糖基)腺嘌呤（1，克洛法比林）的合成进行了两种方法的研究。第一种方法包括通过将1,3,5-三-O-苯甲酰基-2-脱氧-2-氟-α-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖（9）经过三步转化成磷酸2-脱氧-2-氟-α-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖（12a，2F Ara-1P）而无需中间产物的分离。使用重组大肠杆菌嘌呤核苷酸磷酸化酶（PNP）催化12a与2-氯腺嘌呤的缩合反应，形成克洛法比林，收率为67%。该反应还与多种嘌呤碱基（2-氨基腺嘌呤和次黄嘌呤）、它们的类似物（5-氮杂-7-脱氮鸟嘌呤和8-氮杂-7-脱氮次黄嘌呤）以及胸腺嘧啶进行了研究。结果与使用α-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖磷酸（13a，Ara-1P）的类似反应进行了比较。通过从头算计算分析了各种底物的反应性差异，考虑了电子结构（天然嘌呤与类似物）和立体化学特征（2F Ara-1P与Ara-1P）来确定大肠杆菌核苷酸磷酸酶对底物的识别。第二种方法从2-脱氧-2-氟-D-阿拉伯糖的级联一锅酶促转化开始，形成磷酸12a，然后与2-氯腺嘌呤缩合，从而在24小时内以约48%的产率制备克洛法比林。下列重组大肠杆菌酶催化了2-脱氧-2-氟-D-阿拉伯糖的顺序转化为磷酸12a：核糖激酶（2-脱氧-2-氟-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖-5-磷酸）、磷酸戊糖异构酶（PPN；不需要D-己糖的1,6-二磷酸作为辅因子）（12a），最后是PNP。研究了D-阿拉伯糖、D-核糖和D-木糖在相关2-氯腺嘌呤核苷的类似级联合成中的底物活性，并将其与2-脱氧-2-氟-D-阿拉伯糖的活性进行了比较。如预期，D-核糖表现出最佳的底物活性（30分钟内2-氯腺苷（8）产率达90%），D-阿拉伯糖在大约45分钟达到浓度平衡，形成2-氯-9-(β-D-阿拉伯呋喃核糖基)腺嘌呤（6），而形成2-氯-9-(β-D-木糖呋喃核糖基)腺嘌呤（7）的过程非常缓慢，在48小时内产率达到约8%。
• Phospholipid esters of clofarabine derivatives
  申请人：Heidelberg Pharma Holding GmbH

  公开号：EP1460082A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-09-22

  The subject of the present invention are specific lipidesters of halogenated-adenine nucleotides and the use of such lipidesters in the treatment of tumors.

  本发明涉及卤腺嘌呤核苷酸的特定脂质酯及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用。
• Preparation of 2-chloro-9-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-adenine
  申请人：ScinoPharm Taiwan Ltd.

  公开号：EP2404926B1

  公开（公告）日：2014-08-20