The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor cerulenin and the structurally unrelated Golgi transport inhibitor brefeldin A are substrates for both types of efflux pumps in Candida albicans. In an effort to overcome efflux pump‐mediated drug resistance in Candida albicans, ceruleninanalogues were generated using a variety of synthesis pathways. The so obtained cerulenin derivatives were tested on multidrug‐resistant
alkylchloropyruvate (1) with sodiomalonate gave γ-alkyl-α,β-dialkoxycarbonyl-Δβ,γ-butenolide (2), which led to γ-ketocarboxylic acid (3). The reaction of 1 with sodioacetoacetate gave 2-alkyl-5-methylfuran-3,4-dicarboxylate (6) via the intermediate 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran-3,4-dicarboxylate (5). It has been shown unambiguously that the carbanions of both sodiomalonate and sodioacetoacetate
Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Structurally Diverse γ‐ and δ‐Lactones Using an Engineered Carbonyl Reductase
作者:Meng Chen、Xiao‐Yan Zhang、Chen‐Guang Xing、Chao Zhang、Yu‐Cong Zheng、Jiang Pan、Jian‐He Xu、Yun‐Peng Bai
DOI:10.1002/cctc.201900382
日期:2019.6.6
efficiently synthesized stereoselectively using an engineered carbonyl reductase from Serratia marcescens (SmCRV4). SmCRV4 exhibited improved activity (up to 500‐fold) and thermostability toward 14 γ‐/δ‐keto acids and esters, compared with the wild‐type enzyme, with 110‐fold enhancement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward methyl 4‐oxodecanoate. The preparative synthesis of alkyl and aromatic γ‐ and δ‐lactones
结构结构多样的γ-和δ-内酯是利用粘质沙雷氏菌(Sm CR V4)中的一种工程化羰基还原酶有效地立体选择性合成的。与野生型酶相比,Sm CR V4表现出更高的活性(最高达500倍)和对14种γ-/δ-酮酸和酯的热稳定性,催化效率提高了110倍(k cat / K m)对4-氧代十二烷甲酸甲酯。证明了烷基和芳香族γ-和δ-内酯的制备合成,其ee率为95%-> 99%,收率为78%-90%。最高时空产量为1175 g L -1 d -1,达到了(R)-γ-癸内酯
Stereoselective synthesis of chiral δ-lactones <i>via</i> an engineered carbonyl reductase
作者:Tao Wang、Xiao-Yan Zhang、Yu-Cong Zheng、Yun-Peng Bai
DOI:10.1039/d1cc04542c
日期:——
A carbonyl reductase variant, SmCRM5, from Serratia marcescens was obtained through structure-guided directed evolution. The variant showed improved specific activity (U mg−1) towards most of the 16 tested substrates and gave high stereoselectivities of up to 99% in the asymmetric synthesis of 13 γ-/δ-lactones. In particular, SmCRM5 showed a 13.8-fold higher specific activity towards the model substrate
来自粘质沙雷氏菌的羰基还原酶变体Sm CR M5是通过结构引导的定向进化获得的。该变体对 16 种测试底物中的大多数表现出改善的比活性 (U mg -1 ),并在 13 种 γ-/δ-内酯的不对称合成中提供高达 99% 的高立体选择性。特别是,SmCR M5对模型底物(即5-氧代癸酸)的比活性高出 13.8 倍,并在 99% ee 中产生 ( R )-δ-癸内酯,时空产率 (STY) 为 301 g L -1 d -1. 六种δ-内酯的高收率和高对映体纯度的制备表明这些高附加值化学品的生物催化合成是可行的,为贵金属催化提供了一种具有成本效益的绿色替代品。
Prodrugs Containing an Aromatic Amine Connected By an Amido Bond to a Linker
申请人:Rau Harald
公开号:US20120156260A1
公开(公告)日:2012-06-21
The present invention relates to a prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising a drug linker conjugate D-L, wherein an aromatic amine containing biologically active moiety is connected (bound) by an amido bound to a linker. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said prodrugs and their use as medicaments.