申请人:Sandoz Ltd.
公开号:US04081543A1
公开(公告)日:1978-03-28
This invention provides new compounds of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen of an atomic number from 9 to 35, or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, in which the multiple bond is located in a position other than the .alpha.,.beta. position, hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms in which the hydroxy group is separated from the nitrogen atom of the tricyclic ring system by at least 2 carbon atoms, alkanoylalkyl of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms in which the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or mono-substituted by halogen of atomic number 9 to 35, or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Either R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms in which the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or mono-substituted by halogen of atomic number from 9 to 35, or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, Or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the nitrogen atom to Which they are bound form a 1-pyrrolyl ring, Useful as anti-aggressive and C.N.S. depressants. SU The present invention relates to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzoisoquinolines. The present invention provides compounds of formula I, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen of an atomic number from 9 to 35, or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, in which the multiple bond is located in a position other than the .alpha.,.beta. position, hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms in which the hydroxy group is separated from the nitrogen atom of the tricyclic ring system by at least 2 carbon atoms, alkanoylalkyl of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms in which the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or mono-substituted by halogen of atomic number 9 to 35, or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Either R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms in which the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or mono-substituted by halogen of atomic number from 9 to 35, or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, Or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a 1-pyrrolyl ring. The alkyl and alkoxy moieties (except when R.sub.2 is alkyl) preferably have 1 or 2 carbon atoms, especially 1 carbon atom. R.sub.1 is preferably hydrogen. Otherwise R.sub.1 is preferably in the 7 or 8 position. R.sub.2 is preferably hydrogen, or alkyl. When R.sub.2 is alkyl, it preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and is especially methyl or isopropyl. When R.sub.2 is alkenyl or alkynyl, it preferably has 3 or 4 carbon atoms. When R.sub.2 is hydroxyalkyl, it preferably has 2 or 3 carbon atoms. When R.sub.2 is alkanoylalkyl it preferably contains an acetyl moiety, and preferably signifies acetonyl. When R.sub.2 is phenylalkyl, this is preferably benzyl. When the phenyl ring is substituted this is preferably substituted by halogen, especially chlorine. R.sub.3 is preferably hydrogen or methyl. A preferred alternative is when R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a 1-pyrrolyl ring. R.sub.3 when phenylalkyl is preferably an optionally substituted benzyl or phenylethyl group. The present invention further provides a process for the production of a compound of formula I which comprises a. for the production of a compound of formula Ia, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, and R.sub.2.sup.i is as defined for R.sub.2 above with the proviso that R.sub.2.sup.I is other than hydrogen, alkylating a compound of formula Ib, ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, or b. for the production of a compound of formula Ic, ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, and R.sub.2.sup.ii is a primary alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a primary unsubstituted or mono-substituted phenylalkyl as defined above for R.sub.2, reducing a compound of formula II, ##STR6## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, and R.sub.5 is (i) alkanoyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, (ii) benzoyl or phenylalkanoyl of 8 to 10 carbon atoms in which benzoyl or phenylalkanoyl the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or mono-substituted by halogen or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or (iii) lower alkoxycarbonyl, or aryloxycarbonyl, or c. for the production of a compound of formula Ib, as defined above, splitting off a radical R.sub.5.sup.I from a compound of formula III, ##STR7## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, and R.sub.5.sup.i is a group capable of being split off by solvolysis. The introduction of the R.sub.2.sup.I group as defined above according to process a) is a mono-alkylation in the 2 position of the tetrahydrobenzo[g] isoindoline residue and may be effected in known manner for such alkylations of analogous ring systems bearing in mind the other groups present. For example the compound of formula Ib may be reacted with a compound of formula IV, r.sub.2.sup.i -x iv wherein R.sub.2.sup.i is as defined above, and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine. An inert organic solvent may be used. Preferably there is present a medium-strong basic condensation agent, or an excess of the compound of formula Ib. As condensation agents are preferably used medium-strong organic bases such as triethylamine or pyridine or alternatively inorganic bases such as alkali metal carbonates. However, when R.sub.3 is hydrogen and when a simultaneous alkylation of the 5-amino group is to be avoided then conveniently a mildly basic condensation agent is used and/or preferably approximately equivalent amounts of alkylating agent and compound of formula Ib are used. A compound of formula Ia, wherein R.sub.2 is alkanoylalkyl as defined above, wherein the carbonyl group is separated by at least two carbon atoms from the nitrogen atom of the tricyclic residue, may be produced in conventional manner by using an appropriate .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone as an alkylating agent. The reduction according to process variant (b) may be effected in conventional manner for such reductions, e.g. using a complex metal hydride in an inert organic solvent. Suitable hydrides include complex aluminium hydrides such as lithium aluminium hydride. Process (c) may be effected in conventional manner for the splitting off of an amino protecting group from a heterocyclic amine using solvolytic, especially hydrolytic, conditions, for example as for the splitting of a urethane or amide. Suitable protecting groups R.sub.5.sup.I include for example acyl groups, preferably alkoxycarbonyl or aryloxycarbonyl groups, or alkanoyl or aroyl groups, for example those such groups defined above with respect to R.sub.5. The reaction may, depending on the type of group R.sub.5.sup.I used, be preferably effected in an acid medium, for example in the presence of a strong mineral acid, or in an alkaline medium, for example in the presence of a suitable inorganic base. The starting materials may be produced as follows: a') compounds of formula II, wherein R.sub.3 is other than hydrogen may be produced in conventional manner by substituting the amino group in a compound of formula IIa, ##STR8## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.5 are as defined above. For example the appropriate alkyl- or phenylalkylhalide may be used in the presence of potassium tert.-butoxide, or when R.sub.3 is methyl, alternatively dimethylsulphate/pyridine may be used. Compounds of formula II, wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a 1-pyrrolyl ring may be produced by reacting a compound of formula IIa with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and splitting off methanol from the resulting reaction product. b') Compounds of formula IIa may be produced from the corresponding 3-benzyl-4-piperidone derivatives of formula V, ##STR9## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.5 are as defined above, by (i) introducing hydrogen cyanide using conventional processes for cyanohydrin production, preferably by reaction with acetone cyanohydrin, (ii) splitting off water from the resulting 3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-piperidine nitrile, for example using thionyl chloride/pyridine, (iii) cyclizing the resulting 5-benzyl-4-cyano-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivative of formula VI, ##STR10## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.5 are as defined above, if desired with any corresponding 3-benzyl-4-cyano-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivative present as a by-product, for example in the presence of 90% sulphuric acid. Insofar as the production of any starting material is not particularly described these compounds are known, or may be produced and purified in accordance with known processes, or in a manner analogous to processes described herein, e.g. in the Examples, or to known processes. Free base forms of compounds of formula I may be converted into acid addition salt forms in conventional manner and vice versa. Suitable acids for salt formation include hydrochloric acid or fumaric acid. In the following Examples all temperatures are in degrees Centigrade and are uncorrected. In the Table the following abbreviations are used: Z = decomposition Hcl = hydrochloride salt Hbr = hydrobromide salt Rf refers to Rf values obtained on silica gel using as eluant benzene/ethanol/(conc. aq.) ammonia 84:15:1.
本发明提供了公式I的新化合物,其中R1是氢,原子序数为9至35的卤素,或者是1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基;R2是氢,1至4个碳原子的烷基,3至6个碳原子的烯基或炔基,其中多重键位于α,β位置之外,2至5个碳原子的羟基烷基,其中羟基团与三环环系的氮原子相隔至少2个碳原子,3至5个碳原子的烷酰基烷基,或7至10个碳原子的苯基烷基,其中苯环未被取代或单取代,取代基为原子序数为9至35的卤素,或1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,而R3要么是氢,1至4个碳原子的烷基,或7至10个碳原子的苯基烷基,其中苯环未被取代或单取代,取代基为原子序数为9至35的卤素,或1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,而R4是氢,或者R3和R4与它们所结合的氮原子一起形成1-吡咯基环。这些化合物可用作抗攻击性和C.N.S.抑制剂。
本发明还涉及1,2,3,4-四氢苯并异喹啉。本发明提供公式I的化合物,其中R1是氢,原子序数为9至35的卤素,或者是1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基;R2是氢,1至4个碳原子的烷基,3至6个碳原子的烯基或炔基,其中多重键位于α,β位置之外,2至5个碳原子的羟基烷基,其中羟基团与三环环系的氮原子相隔至少2个碳原子,3至5个碳原子的烷酰基烷基,或7至10个碳原子的苯基烷基,其中苯环未被取代或单取代,取代基为原子序数为9至35的卤素,或1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,而R3要么是氢,1至4个碳原子的烷基,或7至10个碳原子的苯基烷基,其中苯环未被取代或单取代,取代基为原子序数为9至35的卤素,或1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,而R4是氢,或者R3和R4与它们所结合的氮原子一起形成1-吡咯基环。烷基和烷氧基基团(当R2为烷基时除外)最好具有1或2个碳原子,特别是1个碳原子。R1最好是氢。否则,R1最好在7或8位置。R2最好是氢或烷基。当R2为烷基时,它最好具有1至3个碳原子,特别是甲基或异丙基。当R2为烯基或炔基时,它最好具有3或4个碳原子。当R2为羟基烷基时,它最好具有2或3个碳原子。当R2为烷酰基烷基时,它最好包含一个乙酰基团,最好表示为丙酰基。当R2为苯基烷基时,最好是苄基。当苯环取代时,最好由卤素(特别是氯)取代。R3最好是氢或甲基。当R3,R4和它们所结合的氮原子一起形成1-吡咯基环时,一种较好的替代方法是。当R3为苯基烷基时,最好是可选择性取代的苄基或苯乙基基团。
本发明还提供了一种制备公式I的化合物的方法,其中包括a.为制备公式Ia的化合物,其中R1,R3和R4如上所定义,而R2i如上所定义,但R2i不是氢时,用化合物Ib的烷基化产物,其中Ib的R1,R3和R4如上所定义,或b.为制备公式Ic的化合物,其中R1,R3和R4如上所定义,而R2ii是1至4个碳原子的主要烷基,或上述R2的未取代或单取代的苯基烷基,还原化合物II,其中R1,R3和R4如上所定义,而R5是(i)2至4个碳原子的烷酰基,(ii)8至10个碳原子的苯甲酰基或苯基烷酰基,其中苯甲酰基或苯基烷酰基的苯环未被取代或单取代,取代基为原子序数为9至35的卤素或1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,或(iii)较低的烷氧羰基或芳基氧羰基,或c.为制备如上所定义的化合物Ib,从公式III的基团R5i中分离出一个基团R5i,其中R1,R3和R4如上所定义,而R5i是可通过溶剂解作用分离的基团。根据方法a)引入上述定义的R2i基团是在四氢苯并[g]异吲哚残基的2位进行的单烷基化反应,可以用类似于对于类似环系统的已知方法进行考虑其他存在的基团。例如,化合物Ib可以与化合物IV反应,其中R2i-x IV,其中R2i如上所定义,而X是氯,溴或碘。可以使用惰性有机溶剂。最好存在中等强度的碱性缩合剂,或化合物Ib的过量。作为缩合剂,最好使用中等强度的有机碱,例如三乙胺或吡啶,或者作为替代,使用无机碱,例如碱金属碳酸盐。但是,当R3为氢且要避免5-氨基基团的同时烷基化时,方便地使用较轻微的碱性缩合剂和/或最好使用大约相等量的烷基化剂和化合物Ib。化合物Ia,其中R2是如上所定义的烷酰基烷基,其中羰基与三环残基的氮原子相隔至少两个碳原子,可以通过使用适当的α,β-不饱和酮作为烷基化剂以常规方式制备。根据方法变体(b)的还原可以通过使用惰性有机溶剂以常规方式进行还原来实现,例如使用复杂的金属氢化物。适当的氢化物包括复杂的铝氢化物,例如锂铝氢化物。根据方法(c)的分裂可以通过使用溶解作用,特别是水解条件,例如用于尿素酯或酰胺的分裂来进行常规方式,例如用于分裂氨基保护基。适当的保护基R5i包括例如酰基,最好是烷氧羰基或芳基氧羰基基团,或烷酰基或芳酰基基团,例如上述关于R5定义的这些基团。根据所使用的R5i类型,反应可以最好地在酸性介质中进行,例如在强矿酸存在下,或在碱性介质中进行,例如在适当的无机碱存在下。可以通过以下方式制备起始材料:a')如上所述,化合物II的R3不是氢时,可以通过用适当的烷基或苯基烷基卤化物在钾叔丁醇存在下进行取代氨基来常规方式制备化合物IIa的氰醇衍生物。或当R3是甲基时,可以使用二甲基硫酸酯/吡啶。化合物II,其中R3和R4与它们所结合的氮原子一起形成1-吡咯基环,可以通过将化合物IIa与2,5-二甲氧基四氢呋喃反应并从所得的反应产物中分离出甲醇来制备。b')化合物IIa可以通过使用公式V的相应3-苄基-4-哌啶酮衍生物制备,其中R1和R5如上所定义,通过(i)使用常规的氰醇衍生物制备过程引入氢氰酸,最好通过与丙酮氰醇反应,(ii)从所得的3-苄基-4-羟基-4-哌啶腈中分离出水,例如使用亚砜氯化物/吡啶,(iii)将所得的公式VI的5-苄基-4-氰基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶衍生物,其中R1和R5如上所定义,如果所需,与任何相应的3-苄基-4-氰基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶衍生物一起环化,例如在90%硫酸存在下。就任何起始材料的生产不是特别描述的情况而言,这些化合物是已知的,或可以按照已知的方法或类似于本文所述的方法,例如在示例中,或按照已知的方法生产和纯化。公式I化合物的自由碱形式可以以常规方式转化为酸盐形式,反之亦然。适用于盐形成的酸包括盐酸或富马酸。在下面的示例中,所有温度均为摄氏度,未经校正。在表格中,使用以下缩写:Z =分解,Hcl =盐酸盐,Hbr =盐酸盐,Rf指在硅胶上使用苯/乙醇/(浓缩)氨水84:15:1作为洗脱剂所获得的Rf值。