Development of n-Type Semiconductor Based on Cyclopentene- or Cyclohexene-Fused [C60]-Fullerene Derivatives
摘要:
Properties of cydopentene- or cyclohexene-fused [C-60]-fullerene derivatives as the acceptor in photovoltaic cells have been investigated by use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the model donor polymer. Several cyclopentene- or cyclohexene-fused [C-60]-fullerene derivatives show high power conversion efficiency (PCB). The highest PCE was obtained for 3',6'-dihydro-4'-phenoxycarbonyl-6'-methylbenzo[1,9][5,6] (C-60-I-h)fullerene (3.2%); this is superior to that of [C-60]-PCBM with the P3HT polymer under the same experimental conditions. PCE of the OPV devices with alkyl-substituted cydohexene-fused [C-60],fullerenes depended on the alkyl substituent on the cyclohexene ring; compounds with substituents of odd-number alkyl groups showed better PCE than those compounds possessing even-number alkyl groups.
Novel interphenylene derivatives of 11,12-secoprostaglandins are prepared by the stepwise alkylation of the ethyl ester or the t-butyl ester of acetoacetic acid. One such method involves treatment of the t-butyl ester of acetoacetic acid with a strong base to form the anion followed by treatment with ethyl p-(3-bromopropyl)benzoate to produce ethyl 4-(4-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-oxo-hexyl)benzoate, subsequently reacting the anion of the thus-formed benzoate with 1-chloro-4-acetoxynonane to produce ethyl 4-(4-acetyl-4-tert-butoxycarbonyl-8-acetoxytridecyl)benzoate followed by decarboxylation and alkaline hydrolysis to produce the desired product 4-(4-acetyl-8-hydroxytridecyl)benzoic acid which is useful as a pharmaceutical in the treatment of patients with renal failure and in the prevention of transplant rejection.
<i>O</i>-Substituted Alkyl Aldehydes for Rhodium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Hydroacylation: The Utility of Methylthiomethyl Ethers
作者:Scott R. Parsons、Joel F. Hooper、Michael C. Willis
DOI:10.1021/ol1030662
日期:2011.3.4
Combining a-methylthiomethyl (MTM) ether substituted aldehydes and 1-alkynes in the presence of [Rh(dppe)]CIO(4) results in efficient intermolecular alkyne hydroacylation to deliver alpha-O-MTM-substituted enone products. The product MTM ethers can be converted to the free hydroxyl group either in situ, by the addition of water to the completed reaction, or in a separate operation, by the action of silver nitrate.
The hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant and atmospheric transformation products of 2-propoxyethanol
The relative rate technique has been used to measure the hydroxyl radical (OH) reaction rate constant of 2-propoxyethanol (2PEOH, CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2(OH)). 2PEOH reacts with OH with a bimolecular rate constant of (21.4 +/- 6.0) X 10(-12) cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1) at 297 +/-: 3 K and 1 atm total pressure, which is a little larger than previously reported [1]. Assuming an average OH concentration of 1 x 10(6) molecules cm(-3), an atmospheric lifetime of 13 h is calculated for 2PEOH. In order to more clearly define this hydroxy ether's atmospheric reaction mechanism, an investigation into the OH + 2PEOH reaction products was also conducted. The OH + 2PEOH reaction products and yields observed were: propyl formate (PF, 47 +/- 2%, CH3CH2CH2OC(=O)H), 2 propoxyethanal (CH3CH2CH2OCH2C(=O)H 15 +/- 1%), and 2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane (5.4 +/- 0.4%). The 2PEOH reaction mechanism is discussed in light of current understanding of oxygenated hydrocarbon atmospheric chemistry. The Findings reported here can be related to other structurally similar alcohols and may impact regulatory tools such as ground-level ozone-forming potential calculations (incremental reactivity) [2]. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extensions of the Tollens Condensation
作者:O. C. Dermer、Paul W. Solomon
DOI:10.1021/ja01635a073
日期:1954.3
Hatch; Nesbitt, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1945, vol. 67, p. 40