Plant virus diseases seriously affect the yield and quality of agricultural products, and their prevention and control are difficult. It is urgent to develop new and efficient antiviral agents. In this work, a series of flavone derivatives containing carboxamide fragments were designed, synthesized, and systematically evaluated for their antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) on the basis of a structural–diversity–derivation strategy. All the target compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS techniques. Most of these derivatives displayed excellent in vivo antiviral activities against TMV, especially 4m (inactivation inhibitory effect, 58%; curative inhibitory effect, 57%; and protection inhibitory effect, 59%), which displayed similar activity to ningnanmycin (inactivation inhibitory effect, 61%; curative inhibitory effect, 57%; and protection inhibitory effect, 58%) at 500 μg mL−1; thus, it emerged as a new lead compound for antiviral research against TMV. Antiviral mechanism research by molecular docking demonstrated that compounds 4m, 5a, and 6b could interact with TMV CP and disturb virus assembly.
植物病毒病严重影响农产品的产量和质量,防治难度大。开发新型高效的抗病毒药物迫在眉睫。本研究以结构多样性-衍生策略为基础,设计、合成并系统评价了一系列含羧酰胺片段的黄酮衍生物对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的抗病毒活性。所有目标化合物都通过 1H-NMR、13C-NMR 和 HRMS 技术进行了表征。这些衍生物对 TMV 的体内抗病毒活性都很好,尤其是 4m(灭活抑制效果,58%;治疗抑制效果,57%;保护抑制效果,59%),在 500 μg mL-1 的条件下,其活性与宁南霉素(灭活抑制效果,61%;治疗抑制效果,57%;保护抑制效果,58%)相似,因此成为抗 TMV 病毒研究的新先导化合物。分子对接的抗病毒机理研究表明,化合物 4m、5a 和 6b 能与 TMV CP 相互作用,干扰病毒的组装。