Female rats were dosed intraperitoneally with 14C-hexachlorobenzene. The drug was administered on 2 or 3 occasions. The total doses amounted to 260 and 390 mg/kg 14C-hexachlorobenzene, respectively. Urine and feces from the animals were collected over a period of 4 wk after the first injection. Both excreta and some tissues of the animals were examined for their content of radioactivity and for hexachlorobenzene and its metabolites. ... In urine pentachlorophenol, tetrachlorohydroquinone, and pentachlorothiophenol were present as major metabolites. One of the isomers of tetrachlorothiophenol was present as a minor metabolite. In the feces pentachlorophenol and pentachlorothiophenol only were identified ...
After administration of hexachlorobenzene rats excrete sulfur-containing conjugates from which pentachlorothiophenol can be split off. The present study ... describe/s/ the identification of pentachlorothiophenol and pentachlorothioanisol in the livers of animals treated with hexachlorobenzene. In order to clarify the further fate of these two substances, /they were administered/ to rats, and ... the conversion products excreted in the urine and feces /were isolated/. The metabolites of pentachlorothiophenol and pentachlorothioanisol are excreted in both conjugated and free form. From extracts of the excreta, we isolated tetra- and trichlorobenzene with two or three sulfur-containing substituents on the ring, analogous compounds in which thiol groups were converted into sulphoxide and sulphone groups, as well as analogous compounds with a phenolic oxygen in addition to sulfur, and sulfur-containing compounds in which chlorine was replaced by hydrogen. Following administration of the sulfoxide and of the sulfone of pentachlorothioanisol under analogous conditions, pentachlorothiophenol and pentachlorothioanisol and their metabolites were detected in the excreta of the animals. No evidence was obtained that the parent compounds are excreted in the unchanged form.
The metabolism of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) in rats was studied. Metabolites isolated from rat excreta and identified were: N-acetyl-S-(pentachlorophenyl)cysteine, pentachlorothiophenol, pentachlorothioanisole, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorothiophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorothioanisole, 2,3,4,6- and/or 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-thiophenol and -thioanisole, 1,4-bis(methylthio)tetrachlorobenzene, 1,4-dimercapto-tetrachlorobenzene and/or 4-methylthio-tetrachlorothiophenol, pentachlorophenol, pentachloroanisole, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloroanisole, 2,3,4,6- and/or 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-phenol and -anisole, pentachlorobenzene, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloronitrobenzene, pentachloroaniline and 2,3,4,5-tetrachloroaniline.
Male and female F 344 rats were dosed every other day for 103 days with 50 umole of hexachlorobenzene (HCB)/kg. ... Urine was periodically hydrolyzed and analyzed for the three metabolites pentachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-diol and pentachlorothiophenol (derived from the mercapturate). The combined urinary excretion of these was greater in females than males, especially during the first 10 weeks. Pentachlorothiophenol was particularly high in female urine. After 103 days this metabolite was slightly less in female feces than in male's but free hepatic pentachlorothiophenol was 3.6-fold greater. Although total 24 hr excretions of metabolites were higher by females than males and after 7 daily doses of HCB, a difference in this respect was not conclusively proven. However, total pentachlorothiophenol excretion was always significantly greater by females. The male/female ratios for pentachlorophenol and pentachlorothiophenol in bile were identical to those for feces. Excretion of metabolites by both adult males and females was stimulated by pretreatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES). No sex differences in metabolism were observed with immature rats.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP) was used as a peptizer for synthetic and natural rubbers. PTCP is replaced by 2,2'-dibenzamidodiphenyldisulfide (DBD) which is less toxic and reacts similarly. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: PCTP did not produce skin irritation in human subjects after 24-hours exposure. ANIMAL STUDIES: Following inhalation exposure to 1 mg/L PCTP dust for 1 hr in both rats and rabbits, effects of the test substances were slightly irritating to the respiratory tract. The rabbits seemed to be more sensitive. Rats, a guinea pig, a rabbit and a cat were exposed to 2050 mg evaporated pentachlorothiophenol for 4 hours. Effects included: irritation of the mucous membranes in all animals (with the exception of the rats); at the following day the cat and rabbit still had conjunctivitis. PCTP did not produce any effects in dietary studies in rats. PCTP did not produced any developmental effects in chicken embryo. Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 test was negative with and without metabolic activation. PCTP acted as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. After administration of hexachlorobenzene rats excrete sulfur-containing conjugates from which PCTP can be split off.
Pretreatment of rats with pentachlorophenol and pentachlorothiophenol (followed by hexachlorobenzene treatment) enhanced the turnover of two glutathione-binding substrates, 1,2-dichloro-n-nitrobenzene and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Pentachlorophenol and Related Compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Rapid body cooling may be necessary in case of hyperthermia. Use of salicylates is contraindicated. /Pentachlorophenol and Related Compounds/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload, cerebral edema, and pulmonary edema ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Pentachlorophenol and Related Compounds/
Compounding silica-reinforced rubber with low volatile organic compound (VOC) emission
申请人：Hergenrother L. William
公开号：US20060217473A1
公开（公告）日：2006-09-28
Alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane compounds are described. The alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane compounds contain an alkoxysilane group that participates in an alkoxysilane-silica reaction as a silica dispersing agent in rubber, with the release of zero to about 0.1% by weight of the rubber of volatile organic compounds (VOC), especially alcohol, during compounding and further processing. Further described are methods for making alkoxy-modified silsesquioxanes, methods for making vulcanizable rubber compounds containing alkoxy-modified silsesquioxanes, vulcanizable rubber compounds containing alkoxy-modified silsesquioxanes, and pneumatic tires comprising a component that contains alkoxy-modified silsesquioxanes.
[EN] SILYLETHYNYL PENTACENE COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE SILYLÉTHYNYLE PENTACÈNE ET COMPOSITIONS ET PROCÉDÉS DE PRODUCTION ET D'UTILISATION DE CEUX-CI
申请人：3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
公开号：WO2009155106A1
公开（公告）日：2009-12-23
Silylethynyl pentacenes and compositions containing silylethynyl pentacenes are disclosed. Exemplary pentacene compounds have 6, 13 -silylethynyl substitution with one or more groups (e.g., R, R' and R") covalently bonded to each Si atom of the silylethynyl groups. Methods of making and using silylethynyl pentacenes and compositions containing silylethynyl pentacenes are also disclosed. Substrates and devices comprising the silylethynyl pentacenes and compositions are also disclosed.
Difluoromethylation of Phenols and Thiophenols with the <i>S</i>-(Difluo-romethyl)sulfonium Salt: Reaction, Scope, and Mechanistic Study
作者：Guo-Kai Liu、Wen-Bing Qin、Xin Li、Li-Ting Lin、Henry N. C. Wong
DOI：10.1021/acs.joc.9b02424
日期：2019.12.20
A facile and practical approach for the difluoromethylation of phenols and thiophenols was described. Making use of the recently developed bench-stable S-(difluoromethyl)sulfonium salt as the difluorocarbene precursor, a wide variety of diversely functionalized phenols and thiophenols were readily converted to their corresponding aryl difluoromethyl ethers in good to excellent yields in the presence
Electrochemical Direct Thiolation of Lactams with Mercaptans: An Efficient Access to
<i>N</i>
‐Acylsulfenamides
作者：Zhaoxin Wei、Renjie Wang、Yonghong Zhang、Bin Wang、Yu Xia、Ablimit Abdukader、Fei Xue、Weiwei Jin、Chenjiang Liu
DOI：10.1002/ejoc.202100924
日期：2021.9.7
A variety of N-acylsulfenamides are produced by the electrochemically enabled cross-coupling of readily available feedstocks under standard conditions. This protocol is practical and has wide substrate scope with good reaction efficiency (38 examples, up to 97 % yield). A possible free radical mechanism is preliminarily demonstrated.
