毒理性
Tribulus terrestris在服用草本提取物的人中尚未有报道会导致血清酶水平升高，但尚未进行具有定期监测肝功能的前瞻性研究。已经发表了孤立病例报告，报告了肾损伤伴随血清转氨酶升高，但这些病例可能代表缺血性或雄激素类固醇诱导的肝和肾损伤，而不是提取物的直接肝毒性。有趣的是，已知Tribulus terrestris植物对放牧动物有毒，并且可以引起独特的肝损伤，称为“geeldikkop”或肝源性光敏性。死于食用Tribulus terrestris叶子的羊的肝脏组织学显示胆管和肾小管中有晶体。因此，高剂量应被视为可能有伤害的，特别是在已有肝病或肝硬化的患者中。
可能性评分：E*（未经证实但在高剂量服用或已有肝病的人中可能是临床明显肝损伤的罕见原因）。
其他名称：刺槐，恶魔刺，羊头，Gokhru，自然伟哥，原薯蓣皂苷
Tribulus terrestris has been not been reported to cause serum enzyme elevations in persons taking the herbal extract, but prospective studies with regular monitoring of liver tests have not been done. Isolated case reports of renal injury with serum aminotransferase elevations have been published but may have represented instances of ischemic or anabolic steroid induced liver and kidney injury rather than direct hepatotoxicity of the extract. Interestingly, the Tribulus terrestris plant is known to be toxic to grazing animals and can cause distinctive liver injury known as “geeldikkop” or hepatogenous photosensitivity. Histology of the liver from sheep dying after feeding upon the leaves of Tribulus terrestris demonstrates crystals in bile ducts and renal tubules. For these reasons, high doses should be considered potentially injurious, particularly in patients with preexisting liver disease or cirrhosis.
Likelihood score: E* (unproven but possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury when taken in high doses or in persons with pre-existing liver disease).
Other names: Puncture vine, Devil’s Thorn, Goathead, Gokhru, Nature’s Viagra, Protodioscine
来源:LiverTox
