毒理性
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用总结:通常母亲使用的奈福泮在母乳中的量是很少的。奈福泮似乎不会对母乳供应或母乳新生儿的神经行为评分产生不利影响。在母亲使用奈福泮期间进行母乳喂养是可以接受的。
◉ 对母乳喂养婴儿的影响:有66位经剖宫产分娩的妇女分为两组:一组每6小时静脉注射奈福泮20毫克,另一组每6小时静脉注射对乙酰氨基酚1克,两组还都每6小时静脉注射酮洛酸50毫克。由一位对分组情况不知情的儿科医生在剖宫产后的12、24、48和72小时记录新生儿的神经行为评分。两组在行为评分上没有发现差异。[2]
◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:有66位经剖宫产分娩的妇女分为两组:一组每6小时静脉注射奈福泮20毫克,另一组每6小时静脉注射对乙酰氨基酚1克。所有妇女都接受了相同的术前镇痛,包括硬脊膜外麻醉的布比卡因、舒芬太尼和吗啡,以及静脉注射的麻黄碱和去氧肾上腺素以预防低血压。术后,所有妇女都接受了静脉输注的缩宫素和每6小时静脉注射的酮洛酸50毫克。通过在出生后第2天和第3天每次哺乳前后称量新生儿来评估乳汁产量。两组在每次哺乳前后的体重差异、新生儿每日体重曲线的演变或从第0天到第2天的体重下降方面没有统计学差异。母亲们还评估了乳房充盈情况以确定哺乳II期的开始时间;两组在哺乳II期开始时间上没有差异。两组之间的血清催乳素也没有差异。[2]
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:The amount of nefopam in breastmilk with usual maternal dosages is small. Nefopam does not appear to adversely affect the milk supply or the neurobehavioral scores of breastfed neonates. Breastfeeding is acceptable during maternal use of nefopam.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Sixty-six women who had cesarean section deliveries were two groups postpartum: intravenous (IV) nefopam 20 mg every 6 hours or IV acetaminophen 1 gram every 6 hours as well as IV ketoprofen 50 mg every 6 hours in both groups Neonatal neurobehavioral scores were recorded at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-caesarean by a pediatrician blinded to the group allocation. No difference was found between the groups in the behavioral scores.[2]
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Sixty-six women who had cesarean section deliveries were two groups: IV nefopam 20 mg every 6 hours or IV acetaminophen 1 gram every 6 hours. All women received the same preoperative analgesia consisting of spinal bupivacaine, sufentanil, and morphine as well as intravenous ephedrine and phenylephrine to prevent hypotension. Postoperatively, all received IV oxytocin by infusion and IV ketoprofen 50 mg every 6 hours. Milk production was assessed by weighing the newborn before and after each breastfeed on days 2 and 3. No statistical differences were seen between the two groups in the weight difference before and after each feed, the newborn daily weight curve evolution, or the fall in weight between days 0 and 2. Mothers also rated their breast fullness to assess the onset of lactogenesis II; no difference was found between the two groups in the time to lactogenesis II. There was also no difference in serum prolactin between the groups.[2]
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)