毒理性
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用总结:有限的信息表明,巴坎西林在乳汁中产生的水平较低,预计不会对哺乳婴儿造成不良影响。偶尔有报道指出,青霉素类药物可能会破坏婴儿的胃肠道菌群,导致腹泻或鹅口疮,但这些影响尚未得到充分评估。巴坎西林在哺乳期母亲中是可以接受的。
◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响:巴坎西林迅速转化为氨苄西林。已经报道了氨苄西林的一些不良反应。在一项非控制的观察中,服用氨苄西林的哺乳期母亲的婴儿似乎出现了腹泻和念珠菌病增加的情况,这被归因于母乳中的氨苄西林。[2]
在一项前瞻性随访研究中,5位哺乳期母亲报告服用了氨苄西林(剂量未指定)。一位母亲报告她的婴儿出现了腹泻。在接受暴露的婴儿中没有报道出现皮疹或念珠菌病。[3]
在一项小型、对照的前瞻性研究中,让母亲监测她们的婴儿是否有不良反应的迹象(舌头粗糙、喂养困难、大便频率和质地变化、尿布疹和皮肤疹)。还记录了体重变化和黄疸的发展。在这些参数上,对照组母亲的婴儿和服用氨苄西林母亲的婴儿之间没有发现统计上的差异。[4]
萘普生可能在一个同时服用巴坎西林的7天大婴儿中引起了出血时间延长、血小板减少和急性贫血。[5] 巴坎西林在此反应中的作用尚不清楚。
◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Limited information indicates that bacampicillin produces low levels in milk that are not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants. Occasionally disruption of the infant's gastrointestinal flora, resulting in diarrhea or thrush have been reported with penicillins, but these effects have not been adequately evaluated. Bacampicillin is acceptable in nursing mothers.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Bacampicillin is rapidly converted to ampicillin. Some adverse reactions from ampicillin have been reported. An uncontrolled observation of the breastfed infants of mothers taking ampicillin noted a seeming increase in cases of diarrhea and candidiasis that was attributed to ampicillin in breastmilk.[2]
In a prospective follow-up study, 5 nursing mothers reported taking ampicillin (dosage unspecified). One mother reported diarrhea in her infant. No rashes or candidiasis were reported among the exposed infants.[3]
A small, controlled, prospective study had mothers monitor their infants for signs of adverse effects (furring of the tongue, feeding difficulties, changes in stool frequency and consistency, diaper rash, and skin rash). Weight change and the development of jaundice were also recorded. No statistical differences in these parameters were found between the infants of the control mothers and those of mothers taking ampicillin.[4]
Naproxen possibly caused prolonged bleeding time, thrombocytopenia and acute anemia in one 7-day-old infant in a mother also taking bacampicillin.[5] The role of bacampicillin in this reaction is unknown.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)