Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
SUBSTITUTED BRIDGED UREA ANALOGS AS SIRTUIN MODULATORS
申请人:GLAXOSMITHKLINE LLC
公开号:US20150152108A1
公开(公告)日:2015-06-04
The present invention relates to novel substituted bridged urea compounds, corresponding related analogs, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof. Sirtuin-modulating compounds of the present invention may be used for increasing the lifespan of a cell, and treating and/or preventing a wide variety of diseases and disorders, which include, but are not limited to, for example, diseases or disorders related to aging or stress, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, blood clotting disorders, inflammation, cancer, and/or flushing as well as diseases or disorders that would benefit from increased mitochondrial activity. The present invention also related to compositions comprising a sirtuin-modulating compound in combination with another therapeutic agent.
A novel strategy for bioconjugation: synthesis and preliminary evaluation with amphotericin B
作者:Andreas Zumbuehl、Pasquale Stano、Marc Sohrmann、Mathias Peter、Peter Walde、Erick M. Carreira
DOI:10.1039/b701953j
日期:——
A novel linker strategy is presented based on a double reductive amination of a dialdehyde to the amine of the amphotericin B mycosamine sugar and the biological activity of a series of conjugates is compared to the native amphotericin B.
[EN] COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR TARGETING HSP90<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ET PROCÉDÉS POUR LE CIBLAGE DE HSP90
申请人:UNIV DUKE
公开号:WO2014025395A1
公开(公告)日:2014-02-13
Described herein are compounds that may selectively bind to Hsp90, methods of using the compounds, and kits including the compounds. The compounds may include detection moieties such as fluorophores that may allow for selective detection of Hsp90 in a sample.
[EN] NEW TARGETED CYTOTOXIC RATJADONE DERIVATIVES AND CONJUGATES THEREOF<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX DÉRIVÉS DE RATJADONE CYTOTOXIQUES CIBLÉS ET LEURS CONJUGUÉS
申请人:HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM INFEKTIONSFORSCHUNG GMBH
公开号:WO2019030284A1
公开(公告)日:2019-02-14
The present invention is directed to novel natural product-derived ratjadone-based compounds useful as payloads (or toxins) in drug-conjugates constructs with cell target binding moieties (CTBM) and payload-linker compounds useful in connection with drug conjugates. The present invention further relates to new ratjadone compositions including the aforementioned payloads, payload-linkers and drug conjugates, and methods for using these payloads, payload-linkers and drug conjugates, to treat pathological conditions including cancer, inflammatory and infectious diseases.
[EN] DIRECTED CONJUGATION TECHNOLOGIES<br/>[FR] TECHNOLOGIES DE CONJUGAISON DIRIGÉE
申请人:KLEO PHARMACEUTICALS INC
公开号:WO2021102052A1
公开(公告)日:2021-05-27
Among other things, the present disclosure provides technologies for site-directed conjugation of various moieties of interest to target agents. In some embodiments, the present disclosure utilizes target binding moieties to provide high conjugation efficiency and selectivity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for preparing antibody conjugates.