/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ethers and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Ethers and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethers and related compounds/
/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) are structurally similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and some PCDE congeners have been reported to cause toxic responses similar to those caused by some of the non-ortho-substituted PCBs, which are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Twenty-nine PCDEs /including bis(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ether/ were tested for their potency as AhR agonists relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) by measuring their ability to induce the cytochrome P-450 1A1-associated enzyme activity, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. All PCDE congeners tested were found to be inactive as EROD inducers except for PCDE 156, which was a weak EROD inducer with a 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalency factor of about 1.2 /The authors/ determined that small amounts of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) that occurred as impurities in the PCDE preparations were the cause of the apparent EROD induction initially measured in our experiments...
Finnish human samples from the Helsinki area and Arctic cod samples from Vestertana Fjord (Norway) were analyzed for polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDE) /including bis(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ether/ and 2,3,7,8-chloro substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF). The PCDE, PCDD and PCDF contents in human and animal samples from Finland and elsewhere were briefly reviewed. PCDEs were non-detectable in human liver and testis, but some PCDE congeners were identified in human adipose tissue and fat of boiled Arctic cod liver composite. The contents of PCDEs in Finnish human samples were similar to those reported in the literature for human tissues from North America. The estimated concentrations of PCDEs 99, 147+153 (coeluting) and 206 ranged between 2 and 8 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in one Finnish human adipose tissue. The concentrations of PCDE congeners identified in the cod liver fat were between 0.4 and 5 ng/g lw. Of toxic PCDDs and PCDFs, hepta- and octa-CDDs dominated in human...
Polyphenylene ether resin compositions containing halogenated aromatic compound alone as a flame retardant agent
申请人：GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
公开号：EP0129762A2
公开（公告）日：1985-01-02
Flame retardant compositions comprising admixtures of polyphenylene ether resin, a polyalkenyl aromatic and as the sole flame retardant agent, a halogenated aromatic compound or mixture of such compounds, are described. These provide decided advantages over corresponding flame retardant compositions containing synergistic agents and/or aromatic phosphate flame retardants, alone, or in combina- tion with halogenated aromatics. They are useful for shaping into a wide variety of articles for industrial or household purposes.
An antimicrobial composition comprising (i) between 0.025 and 2 percent of an antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of chlorhexidine free base, a chlorhexidine salt, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and alexidine; (ii) between 0.005 and 0.1 percent of a quaternary ammonium compound; and (iii) between 0.025 and 2 percent of a chlorinated phenol compound.
Fifty-four polychlorinated diphenyl ether (PCDEs) congeners were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The gas chromatographic relative retention times (RRT) for the PCDEs were determined relative to a reference standard, [C-13-3,3',4,4']-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) on the fused silica capillary columns of SE-54 and OV-1701. The retention times for PCDEs increased with the increasing number of vicinal chlorines within a series of isomers. The chlorine substitution patterns of PCDEs were used to develop a method for predicting RRTs for congeners that were not synthesized.
