金属氧化物代表了用于有机转化的丰富且无毒的光催化剂类别。但是,它们在大规模工艺中的使用由于与连续流工艺不兼容而变得复杂,而连续流工艺是光化学领域公认的扩大规模的途径。我们详细介绍了使用可持续溶剂系统(丙酮:PEG 400)和低负载量(2摩尔%)的Bi 2 O 3的有效原子转移自由基加成方案的开发,可以在振荡流反应器中进行处理。反应和振荡参数的优化导致高通量(4小时内36 g,89%收率,599 g L -1 h -1),过程质量强度(PMI)仅为8.5。该方法还有助于提高可回收性(3个循环,无收率损失),并已证明可以以中等至极高的收率应用于多克级的其他承印物。
Highly Efficient Copper‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) in the Presence of Reducing Agent
作者:William T. Eckenhoff、Sean T. Garrity、Tomislav Pintauer
DOI:10.1002/ejic.200701144
日期:2008.2
(TPMA)Br][Br] complexes in ATRA reactions of polybrominated compounds to alkenes in the presence of reducing agent (AIBN) was reported. [Cu II (TPMA)Br][Br], in conjunction with AIBN, effectively catalyzed ATRA reactions of CBr 4 and CHBr 3 to alkenes with concentrations between 5 and 100 ppm, which is the lowest number achieved in copper-mediated ATRA. The molecular structure of Cu I (TPMA)Br indicated that
Cu I (TPMA)Br [TPMA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine] 和 [Cu II (TPMA)Br][Br] 配合物在多溴化合物与烯烃的 ATRA 反应中的合成、表征和特殊活性还原剂(AIBN)的报道。[Cu II (TPMA)Br][Br] 与 AIBN 结合,有效地催化 CBr 4 和 CHBr 3 生成烯烃的 ATRA 反应,浓度在 5 到 100 ppm 之间,这是在铜介导的 ATRA 中达到的最低值。Cu I (TPMA)Br 的分子结构表明,由于 TPMA [Cu I -N: 2.1024(15), 2.0753(15), 2.0709(15) 和 2.4397 (14) A] 和溴化物阴离子连接到铜 (I) 中心 [CU I -Br 2.5088(3) A]。变温 1 H NMR 和循环伏安法研究证实了 Cu I (TPMA)Br 和 [Cu
Highly Efficient Ambient-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) in the Presence of Free-Radical Initiator (V-70) as a Reducing Agent
作者:Tomislav Pintauer、William T. Eckenhoff、Carolynne Ricardo、Marielle N. C. Balili、Ashley B. Biernesser、Sean J. Noonan、Matthew J. W. Taylor
DOI:10.1002/chem.200802048
日期:2009.1
Copper can do it! Highlyefficient ambient‐temperature copper‐catalyzed ATRA of polyhalogenated compounds to alkenes in the presence of free‐radicalinitiator 2,2′‐azobis(4‐methoxy‐2,4‐dimethyl valeronitrile) (V‐70) is reported. V‐70 has been shown to be a very effective reducingagent, enabling selective formation of the ATRA product with α‐olefins and highly active monomers, such as methyl acrylate
VERFAHREN ZUR STERILISATION DER STAUBBEUTEL VON PFLANZEN
申请人:VSESOJUZNY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY INST.
SELSKOKHOZYAISTV. BIOTEKH. VSESOJUZNOI AK.
SELSKOKHOZYAISTV. NAUK IMENI V.I. LENINA
公开号:EP0358766A1
公开(公告)日:1990-03-21
Das Verfahren zur Sterilisation der Staubbeutel von Pflanzen sieht die Behandlung von Pflanzen mit einem Sterilisationsmittel in Verbindung mit einem Verdünner in der fünften und/oder sechsten Periode der Organogenese vor. Als Sterilisationsmittel werden erfindungsgemäß Polybromalkane oder ihre Chlorderivate der allgemeinen Formel
CnH2n.x.yBrxCly. worin y = 0 bis 2, n = 2 bis 10 und x = 2 bis 4 sind, verwendet.