An important role played dianiones in the highly efficient macrocycle formation by an intramolecular alkyltion method: application to the synthesis of zearalenone
macrolides based on intramolecular alkylation of dianions, generated from phenylthiomethyl group and protected cyanohydrin, is reported. The use of dianions for the cyclization has several characteristics features; (1) Control of the conformation fo the side-chain, (2) Protection of the ester from a nucleophilic attack, (3) Acceleration of the intramolecular reaction without using high dilution conditions
New synthetic method for orsellic acid type macrolides by intramolecular alkylation of protected cyanohydrin. The synthesis of (±)-zearalenone.
作者:Takashi Takahashi、Hiroshi Ikeda、Jiro Tsuji
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)90320-x
日期:1981.1
Zearalenone was synthesized by a general cyclization method of orsellic acid type macrolides having ketone moiety using the intramolecular alkylation of the protected cyanohydrin. This alkylation tolerates the presence of ester group and requires short reaction time.
α-Acetyllactones are accessed by Mukaiyama-Claisen reactions. Attempts at direct 7-membered ring closure, by either intramolecular alkylation of 4-iodobutyl acetoacetate or olefin metathesis from allyl 2-allyl-3-oxobutanoate, afford exclusively dimeric 14-membered ring products instead of the expected caprolactones.
The synthetic approach to alpha-acetylated delta-valero- (7a) and epsilon-caprolactone (7b) is reported. While 7a was isolated in 21% yield from the respective iodoester 5a by an alkylation sequence involving transesterification and Finkelstein reaction, 7b was not obtained from 5b but the dimer 8. Also transesterification and olefin ring closing metathesis (RCM) failed to prepare 7b. RCM resulted in the dimeric lactone 10, showing that the formation of 14-membered rings is favored over that of seven-membered rings. A Mukaiyama-type Claisen reaction finally gave alpha-acetyl lactones 7a and 7b in practically useful quantity of about 10 g (62% yield): starting lactones 13a,b were converted to silylenolethers 14a,b, which were acetylated with acetic anhydride in presence of the Lewis acid catalyst TiCl4. However, acetylation depends on the addition sequence of starting materials: if the mixture of Ac2O/TiCl4 is added to 14b, lactone 7b can be further converted to give bis-oxepanonyl ethanols 15a,b. Both compounds 15 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and NMR. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.