Accumulation of glucose/sugar results in the formation of reactive di-carbonyl compounds such as MGO and GO that interact with several amino acids and proteins to form toxic advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Induction of AGEs breakdown can control symptoms and severity in T2DM and other related complications like NAFLD where AGEs are the key players. Therefore, an AGE cross-link breaker has been suggested for preventing the onset/progression of NAFLD. In this study, we reported novel synthetic naphthalene-2-acyl thiazolium derivatives (KHAGs). Among synthesized KHAG derivatives, we observed that a novel KHAG-04, a 1,4-dimethoxynaphthalen-2-acyl thiazolium salt which is an analog of alagebrium, dramatically cleaves MGO/GO-AGE cross-links, and it also inhibited inflammation by lowering the level of nitric oxide production and IL-1β and TNF-α secretion in LPS and/or MGO-AGE–activated macrophage. Moreover, it also reduced FFA and MGO-AGE–induced lipogenesis in Hep-G2 cells. In mice, KHAG-04 significantly reduced the level of glyoxal in the liver, which was induced by DMC. Furthermore, KHAG-04 treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in the NAFLD/T2DM animal model. Novel KHAG-04–mediated induction of AGEs breakdown could be the possible reason for its anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and anti-lipidemic effects in cells and NAFLD in the T2DM animal model, respectively. Further research might explore the pharmacological efficacy and usefulness and consider the ability of this compound in the treatment strategy against various models of NAFLD in T2DM where MGO/GO-AGEs play a key role in the pathogenesis.
葡萄糖/糖的积累会导致反应性双酮类化合物的形成,如MGO和GO,它们与几种氨基酸和蛋白质相互作用,形成有毒的高级糖基化终产物(AGEs)。诱导AGEs分解可以控制T2DM和其他相关并发症的症状和严重程度,例如AGEs是关键因素的NAFLD。因此,建议使用AGE交联断裂剂来预防NAFLD的发生/进展。在本研究中,我们报道了新型合成的萘-2-酰噻唑衍生物(KHAGs)。在合成的KHAG衍生物中,我们发现一种新型KHAG-04,一种1,4-二甲氧基萘-2-酰噻唑盐,它是alagebrium的类似物,能够显著断裂MGO/GO-AGE交联,并通过降低LPS和/或MGO-AGE激活的巨噬细胞中一氧化氮产生和IL-1β和TNF-α分泌的水平来抑制炎症。此外,它还减少了FFA和MGO-AGE诱导的Hep-G2细胞的脂肪生成。在小鼠中,KHAG-04显著降低了由DMC诱导的肝脏中甘氧醛的水平。此外,KHAG-04治疗显著降低了NAFLD/T2DM动物模型中的血糖水平、脂质积累和炎症。新型KHAG-04介导的AGEs分解诱导可能是其在细胞和T2DM动物模型中抗炎、抗高血糖和抗脂质效应的可能原因。进一步的研究可能会探索该化合物在各种NAFLD模型中的药理功效和有用性,并考虑其在治疗策略中的能力,其中MGO/GO-AGEs在病理发生中起关键作用。