Our objectives were to identify and field test the sex pheromone of female Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone extract revealed a single compound (A) that elicited responses from male antennae. Hydrogenation of pheromone extract, followed by renewed GC-EAD analysis, revealed a new EAD-active compound with chromatographic characteristics identical to those of tridecan-2-yl acetate on five fused silica columns (DB-5, DB-210, DB-23, SP-1000, and Cyclodex-B). Syntheses, chromatography, and retention index calculations of all possible tridecen-2-yl acetates suggested that the candidate pheromone A was a tridecadien-2-yl acetate with nonconjugated double bonds. Synthetic candidate pheromone component (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-2-yl acetate (Z4Z7) cochromatographed with A on all analytical columns and elicited comparable antennal activity. In GC-EAD analyses that separated the enantiomers (Z,Z)4,7-tridecadien-(S)-2-yl acetate (2S-Z4Z7) and (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-(R)-2-yl acetate (2R-Z4Z7) with baseline resolution, only 2S-Z4Z7 as a component in a racemic standard or in pheromone extract elicited antennal responses. In Douglas-fir seed orchards, sticky traps baited with 2S-Z4Z7 captured male C. oregonensis, whereas 2R-Z4Z7 was behaviorally benign. Comparable catches of males in traps baited with racemic Z4Z7 (50 mug) or virgin female C. oregonensis suggested that synthetic pheromone baits could be developed for monitoring C. oregonensis populations in commercial Douglas-fir seed orchards.
Our objectives were to identify and field test the sex pheromone of female Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone extract revealed a single compound (A) that elicited responses from male antennae. Hydrogenation of pheromone extract, followed by renewed GC-EAD analysis, revealed a new EAD-active compound with chromatographic characteristics identical to those of tridecan-2-yl acetate on five fused silica columns (DB-5, DB-210, DB-23, SP-1000, and Cyclodex-B). Syntheses, chromatography, and retention index calculations of all possible tridecen-2-yl acetates suggested that the candidate pheromone A was a tridecadien-2-yl acetate with nonconjugated double bonds. Synthetic candidate pheromone component (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-2-yl acetate (Z4Z7) cochromatographed with A on all analytical columns and elicited comparable antennal activity. In GC-EAD analyses that separated the enantiomers (Z,Z)4,7-tridecadien-(S)-2-yl acetate (2S-Z4Z7) and (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-(R)-2-yl acetate (2R-Z4Z7) with baseline resolution, only 2S-Z4Z7 as a component in a racemic standard or in pheromone extract elicited antennal responses. In Douglas-fir seed orchards, sticky traps baited with 2S-Z4Z7 captured male C. oregonensis, whereas 2R-Z4Z7 was behaviorally benign. Comparable catches of males in traps baited with racemic Z4Z7 (50 mug) or virgin female C. oregonensis suggested that synthetic pheromone baits could be developed for monitoring C. oregonensis populations in commercial Douglas-fir seed orchards.
Cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration of aryl ketones with pinacolborane
作者:Jun Guo、Jianhui Chen、Zhan Lu
DOI:10.1039/c5cc01084e
日期:——
The highly enantioselective cobalt-catalyzedhydroboration reaction of aryl ketones with HBpin was developed using iminopyridine oxazoline ligands. Halides, amines, ethers, sulfides, esters and amides are well tolerated under the mild reaction conditions, demonstrating its synthetic advantage. Substituted diaryl ketones could also be hydroborated with high enantioselectivity.
ENANTIOFACE-DIFFERENTIATING HYDROGENATION OF 2-ALKANONES OVER MODIFIED RANEY NICKEL
作者:Tsutomu Osawa
DOI:10.1246/cl.1985.1609
日期:1985.11.5
2-Octanone was hydrogenated over tartaric acid-NaBr-modified Raneynickel in the presence of pivalic acid at various temperatures. The hydrogenation at 50–60 °C gave the best result with regard to the optical yield. Almost 80% of the optical yields were attained in the hydrogenations of various 2-alkanones.
The invention relates to nanotubes and processes for making them and intermediates of a drug moiety or its derivative/s as a structural moiety with side chain/s capable of promoting self aggregation. The side chain/s are mono or a multiple of alkyl chain/s that are substituted or unsubstituted capable of creating self aggregating assemblies. A p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) moiety or derivative as a structural moiety of 4-alkylamido-N-pyridin-2yl-benzamide with a lauric or stearic side chain. 4-alkylamido-N-pyridin-2yl-benzamide and 4-Amino-N-pyridine-2 yl-benzamide, N-(Pyridine-2-yl)-4-dodecanamido-benzamide and N-(Pyridin-2-yl)-4-stearamidobenzamide are intermediates useful for in vivo Conjugation of an active ingredient, illustrated by Rhodamine B. With Rhodamine B as an active ingredient, nano-tubes prepared with lauric side chain, which show red fluorescence and is useful for in vivo tracking.
Studies on PPL Catalyzed Acetylation of 2-Alkanols: Its Application for the Synthesis of 2-Dodecanol and 2-Tridecyl Acetate, the Pheromones of<i>Crematogaster</i>Ants and<i>Drosophila mulleri</i>Flies
作者:Anubha Sharma、Archana S. Pawar、Subrata Chattopadhyay
DOI:10.1080/00397919608003858
日期:1996.1
Several aliphatic 2-alkanols with varying chain length has been efficiently resolved by their acetylation using vinyl acetate/PPL in diisopropyl ether. The effect of solvent polarity, position and type of unsaturation and chain length has been probed. This has led to more convenient synthesis of some insect pheromones.