The steroidal pig pheromones androstenone (5α-androst-16-en-3-one), 3α-androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol), and 3β-androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol) as well as the heterocyclic aromatic amines skatole and indole, originating from microbial degradation of tryptophan in the intestine of pigs, are frequently recognized as the major compounds responsible for boar taint. A new procedure, applying stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) and headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of these boar taint compounds in pig fat was developed and validated. The deuterated compounds androstenone-d3, 3β-androstenol-d3, skatole-d3, and indole-d6 were synthesized and successfully employed as internal standards for SIDA. The new procedure is characterized by a fast, simple, and economic sample preparation: methanolic extraction of the melted fat followed by a freezing and an evaporation step allows for extraction and enrichment of all five analytes. Additional time-consuming cleanup steps were not necessary, as HS-SPME sampling overcomes fat-associated injector and column contamination. The method has been validated by determining intra- and interday precision and accuracy as well as the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Additionally, a cross-validation for androstenone, skatole, and indole was carried out comparing the results of 25 back fat samples obtained simultaneously by the new SIDA–HS-SPME–GC/MS procedure with those obtained in separate GC/MS and high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) measurements. The cross-validation revealed comparable results and confirms the feasibility of the new SIDA–HS-SPME–GC/MS procedure.
猪类
固醇信息素
雄烯酮 (5α-androst-16-en-3-one)、3α-雄烯醇 (5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol) 和 3β-雄烯醇 (5α-androst-16-en-3β) -ol) 以及杂环芳香胺
粪臭素和
吲哚,源自猪肠道中色
氨酸的微
生物降解,通常被认为是造成公猪异味的主要化合物。开发并验证了一种新程序,应用稳定同位素稀释分析 (S
IDA) 和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱 (HS-
SPME-GC/MS) 对猪脂肪中的这些公猪异味化合物进行同步定量。合成了
氘化化合物
雄烯酮-d3、3β-雄烯醇-d3、
粪臭素-d3 和
吲哚-d6,并成功用作 S
IDA 的内标。新程序的特点是样品制备快速、简单且经济:对熔化的脂肪进行
甲醇提取,然后进行冷冻和蒸发步骤,从而提取和富集所有五种分析物。不需要额外耗时的清理步骤,因为 HS-
SPME 采样克服了与脂肪相关的进样器和色谱柱污染。该方法已通过确定日内和日间精密度和准确度以及检测限 (LOD) 和定量限 (LOQ) 进行了验证。此外,还对
雄烯酮、
粪臭素和
吲哚进行了交叉验证,将通过新的 S
IDA-HS-
SPME-GC/MS 程序同时获得的 25 个背部脂肪样品的结果与单独 GC/MS 和高通量获得的结果进行比较。高效
液相色谱荧光检测(HPLC-FD)测量。交叉验证揭示了可比较的结果,并证实了新的 S
IDA-HS-
SPME-GC/MS 程序的可行性。