中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2-氰基乙酰苯胺 | cyanoacetanilide | 621-03-4 | C9H8N2O | 160.175 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | (E)-N-hydroxy-2-oxo-2-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)acetimidoyl cyanide | 1263303-84-9 | C10H6F3N3O2 | 257.172 |
特立氟胺 | teriflunomide | 163451-81-8 | C12H9F3N2O2 | 270.211 |
—— | teriflunomide | 108605-62-5 | C12H9F3N2O2 | 270.211 |
—— | 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-penta-2,4-dienamide | —— | C13H9F3N2O2 | 282.222 |
—— | 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-hexa-2,5-dienamide | —— | C14H11F3N2O2 | 296.249 |
丙二腈酰胺 | Manitimus | 185915-33-7 | C15H11F3N2O2 | 308.26 |
Staphylococcus aureus is well-recognized to cause debilitating bacterial infections that are difficult to treat due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. As such, there is a need to develop new antimicrobials for the therapeutic intervention of S. aureus disease. To that end, S. aureus RnpA is an essential enzyme that is hypothesized to participate in two required cellular processes, precursor tRNA (ptRNA) maturation and mRNA degradation. Corresponding high throughput screening campaigns have identified the phenylcarbamoyl cyclic thiopenes as a chemical class of RnpA inhibitors that display promising antibacterial effects by reducing RnpA ptRNA and mRNA degradation activities and low human cell toxicity. Herein, we perform a structure activity relationship study of the chemical scaffold. Results revealed that the cycloalkane ring size and trifluoroacetamide moiety are required for antibacterial activity, whereas modifications of the para and/or meta positions of the pharmacophore’s phenyl group allowed tuning of the scaffold’s antimicrobial performance and RnpA inhibitory activity. The top performing compounds with respect to antimicrobial activity also did not exhibit cytotoxicity to human cell lines at concentrations up to 100 µM, greater than 100-fold the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Focused studies of one analog, RNP0012, which exhibited the most potent antimicrobial and inhibition of cellular RnpA activities revealed that the compound reduced bacterial burden in a murine model of S. aureus disease. Taken together, the results presented are expected to provide an early framework for optimization of next-generation of RnpA inhibitor analogues that may represent progenitors of a new class of antimicrobials.
Ion selectivity is a defining feature of a given ion channel and is considered immutable. Here we show that ion selectivity of the lysosomal ion channel TPC2, which is hotly debated (Calcraft et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2017; Jha et al., 2014; Ruas et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2012), depends on the activating ligand. A high-throughput screen identified two structurally distinct TPC2 agonists. One of these evoked robust Ca2+-signals and non-selective cation currents, the other weaker Ca2+-signals and Na+-selective currents. These properties were mirrored by the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger, NAADP and the phosphoinositide, PI(3,5)P2, respectively. Agonist action was differentially inhibited by mutation of a single TPC2 residue and coupled to opposing changes in lysosomal pH and exocytosis. Our findings resolve conflicting reports on the permeability and gating properties of TPC2 and they establish a new paradigm whereby a single ion channel mediates distinct, functionally-relevant ionic signatures on demand.