摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词

阿坎酸 | 77337-76-9

中文名称
阿坎酸
中文别名
——
英文名称
acamprosate
英文别名
3-(acetylamino)propylsulfonic acid;N-acetylhornotaurine;N-acetylhomotaurine;campral;Aotal;3-acetamidopropane-1-sulfonic acid
阿坎酸化学式
CAS
77337-76-9
化学式
C5H11NO4S
mdl
MFCD00867423
分子量
181.213
InChiKey
AFCGFAGUEYAMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 物理描述:
    Solid
  • 溶解度:
    In water, 1.0X10+6 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    1.8X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
  • 解离常数:
    pKa = 0.27 (sulfonic acid group) (est)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -1.2
  • 重原子数:
    11
  • 可旋转键数:
    4
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.8
  • 拓扑面积:
    91.8
  • 氢给体数:
    2
  • 氢受体数:
    4

ADMET

代谢
Acamprosate 不被代谢。
Acamprosate is not metabolized.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
Acamprosate不经历代谢。
Acamprosate does not undergo metabolism.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
Acamprosate does not undergo metabolism.(acamprosate不发生代谢。) Route of Elimination: Following oral administration of CAMPRAL™, the major route of excretion is via the kidneys as acamprosate.(消除途径:口服CAMPRAL™后,主要的排泄途径是通过肾脏以acamprosate的形式。) Half Life: 20 - 33 hours(半衰期:20 - 33小时)
Acamprosate does not undergo metabolism. Route of Elimination: Following oral administration of CAMPRAL™, the major route of excretion is via the kidneys as acamprosate. Half Life: 20 - 33 hours
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
acamprosate的作用机制在维持酒精戒断方面尚未完全了解。慢性酒精暴露被认为会改变神经元兴奋和抑制之间的正常平衡。动物体内的研究和体外研究提供了证据,表明acamprosate可能在中枢与谷氨酸和GABA神经递质系统相互作用,并导致了acamprosate可能恢复这种平衡的假设。它似乎抑制NMDA受体同时激活GABA受体。
The mechanism of action of acamprosate in maintenance of alcohol abstinence is not completely understood. Chronic alcohol exposure is hypothesized to alter the normal balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies in animals have provided evidence to suggest acamprosate may interact with glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems centrally, and has led to the hypothesis that acamprosate restores this balance. It seems to inhibit NMDA receptors while activating GABA receptors.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
acamprosate疗法尚未与血清酶水平升高超过安慰剂治疗的发生率相关联。尽管在酒精治疗项目中广泛使用,但尚未有公开发表的临床明显的急性肝损伤归因于acamprosate治疗的报告。
Acamprosate therapy has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations over and above rates that occur with placebo therapy. Despite widescale use in alcohol treatment programs, there have yet to be published reports of clinically apparent acute liver injury attributed to acamprosate therapy.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
药物名称:acamprosate
Compound:acamprosate
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
DILI 注解:较少的药物性肝损伤关注
DILI Annotation:Less-DILI-Concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
严重性等级:3
Severity Grade:3
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
acamprosate 在胃肠系统中被吸收。acamprosate 口服给药的绝对生物利用度约为 11%。食物吸收的影响在临床上不显著,因此不需要根据餐食调整剂量。在重复口服剂量 666 毫克,每日三次的情况下,5 到 7 天内达到稳态浓度,血浆浓度在 370 到 650 微克/升之间。
Acamprosate is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The absolute bioavailability of acamprosate after oral administration is about 11%. The effect of food absorption is clinically insignificant and no adjustment of the dose is necessary with regard to meals. After repeated oral doses of 666 mg 3 times a day, steady-state concentrations are achieved within 5 to 7 days, with plasma concentration ranging between 370 to 650 micrograms/L.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
acamprosate 排泄的一半以未改变的乙酰基-同型牛磺酸形式出现在尿液中,另一半可能通过胆汁排泄。肾脏主要负责acamprosate的消除。
Half of acamprosate excretion occurs as unchanged acetyl-homotaurine in urine, and the other half possibly by biliary excretion. The kidneys are primarily responsible for the elimination of acamprosate.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
在稳态浓度下,acamprosate的分布约为20升。静脉给药后,分布体积约为72-109升(估计为1升/千克)。
At steady state concentrations, the distribution of acamprosate is about 20L. Following intravenous administration, the volume of distribution is about 72-109 L (an estimated 1 L/kg).
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
严重的肾功能不全会减少acamprosate的消除,这是一种禁忌症。对于中度肾功能损害(肌酐清除率为30-50 mL/min),建议使用acamprosate333mg,每日三次。
Severe renal insufficiency decreases the elimination of acamprosate, and is a contraindication. An acamprosate dose of 333mg, three times daily, is recommended for moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30-50 mL/min).
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
蛋白质结合:可忽略不计。
Protein binding: Negligible.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 海关编码:
    2924199090
  • 储存条件:
    室温且干燥环境中保存。

SDS

SDS:83a9b02bb4e2e06137e4884a7aaa21ce
查看

制备方法与用途

阿坎酸简介

阿坎酸是一种合成氨基酸的神经递质类似物,属于酒精抑制剂,主要用于治疗酒精依赖症和酗酒。目前尚未发现阿坎酸会引起血清转氨酶升高或明显的临床肝损伤。

作用机制

阿坎酸是氮-乙酰高牛磺酸,一种合成的氨基酸类似物,与γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和牛磺酸相似,在动物实验中两者均可减轻对酒精的渴求。阿坎酸可与γ-氨基丁酸拮抗剂协同作用,并具有部分谷氨酸(N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸[NMDA])拮抗剂活性,但其减少酒精渴求的具体机制尚不清楚。

用途

阿坎酸主要用于治疗酒精成瘾性,通过作用于大脑的奖赏系统,阻断酒精某些γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)介导的强化作用。

副作用

阿坎酸最常见的副作用包括腹泻、肠胃胀气、头痛、头晕、恶心和呕吐。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    辛酰氯阿坎酸sodium hydroxide 作用下, 以 xylenes 、 乙醇 为溶剂, 反应 96.0h, 生成 Sodium;3-[acetyl(octanoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonate
    参考文献:
    名称:
    [EN] ORGANIC ACTIVATOR
    [FR] ACTIVATEUR ORGANIQUE
    摘要:
    本发明涉及具有以下通用式(I)的有机活性剂:其中R1是含有至少五个碳的取代或未取代的烷基或芳基基团,R2是含有少于五个碳的取代或未取代的烷基基团,R3是适当的桥联基团,R4是带电基团,N是氮,每个G分别是含氧基团,Z(如存在)是平衡电荷的对离子。本发明还涉及包含所述有机活性剂的清洁组合物,以及制备和使用上述有机活性剂和清洁组合物的方法。
    公开号:
    WO2005118526A1
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • [EN] ORGANIC ACTIVATOR<br/>[FR] ACTIVATEUR ORGANIQUE
    申请人:PROCTER & GAMBLE
    公开号:WO2005118526A1
    公开(公告)日:2005-12-15
    The present invention relates to organic activators having the following general formula (I): wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl moiety comprising at least five carbons, R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl moiety comprising less than five carbons, R3 is a suitable bridging moiety, R4 is a charged moiety, N is nitrogen, each G is, independently, an oxygen containing moiety and Z, when present, is a charge balancing counter ion. The present invention also relates to cleaning compositions comprising said organic activators, and processes for making and using the aforementioned organic activators and cleaning compositions.
    本发明涉及具有以下通用式(I)的有机活性剂:其中R1是含有至少五个碳的取代或未取代的烷基或芳基基团,R2是含有少于五个碳的取代或未取代的烷基基团,R3是适当的桥联基团,R4是带电基团,N是氮,每个G分别是含氧基团,Z(如存在)是平衡电荷的对离子。本发明还涉及包含所述有机活性剂的清洁组合物,以及制备和使用上述有机活性剂和清洁组合物的方法。
查看更多