We report the discovery of antibacterial leads, keto- and diketo-acids, targeting two prenyl transferases: undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS) and dehydrosqualene synthase (CrtM). The leads were suggested by the observation that keto- and diketo-acids bind to the active site Mg2+/Asp domain in HIV-1 integrase, and similar domains are present in prenyl transferases. We report the X-ray crystallographic structures of one diketo-acid and one keto-acid bound to CrtM, which supports the Mg2+ binding hypothesis, together with the X-ray structure of one diketo-acid bound to UPPS. In all cases, the inhibitors bind to a farnesyl diphosphate substrate-binding site. Compound 45 had cell growth inhibition MIC90 values of similar to 250-500 ng/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, 500 ng/mL against Bacillus anthracis, 4 mu g/mL against Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecium, and 1 mu g/mL against Streptococcus pyogenes M1 but very little activity against Escherichia coli (DH5 alpha, K12) or human cell lines.
It is intended to provide antipruritics (drugs to control itching, antiitch agents and drugs to stop itching). It is found out that a compound having an agonistic activity to the cannabinoid receptor shows an antipruritics effect.
The present invention relates to 2-imino-1,3-thiazine derivatives, in specific, 2-imino-1,3-thiazine derivatives having a selective antagonistic activity or agonistic activity to a cannabinoid type 2 receptor and their pharmaceutical use.
A compound of the formula (I) having a binding activity to the cannabinoid type 2 receptor:
1
wherein R
1
is optionally substituted heterocyclic group or the like; R
2
and R
2
each is independently hydrogen or the like; m is an integer of 0 to 2; A is optionally substituted aromatic carbocyclic group or the like.
A
3
agonists having Formula I are described herein as well as methods of using such A
3
agonists and pharmaceutical compositions containing such A
3
agonists.
The A
3
agonists are useful for the reduction of tissue damage resulting from tissue ischemia or hypoxia.
The present invention relates to 2-imino-1,3-thiazine derivatives, in specific, 2-imino-1,3-thiazine derivatives having a selective antagonistic activity or agonistic activity to a cannabinoid type 2 receptor and their pharmaceutical use.