New chiral ligands for the asymmetric copper catalyzed conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to enones
作者:Eric L. Stangeland、Tarek Sammakia
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(97)01031-4
日期:1997.12
The copper catalyzed conjugateaddition of n-butyl Grignard to enones in the presence of chiral ferrocenyl phosphine oxazoline ligands has been studied and found to provide useful levels of asymmetric induction. A comparison of the ferrocene derived ligands 3 and 6 with the corresponding phenyl derived ligands 8 and 9 reveals that the ferrocene template plays an essential role in the reaction.
Process for the preparation of N-hydrocarbyl-substituted amides
申请人:The Lubrizol Corporation
公开号:EP0846678A1
公开(公告)日:1998-06-10
Hydrocarbyl-substituted amides can be prepared in a catalyzed Ritter reaction by contacting a nitrile with a hydrocarbylating agent, in the presence of an acidified clay as the catalyst, under conditions conducive to the formation of the hydrocarbyl-substituted amide.
On treatment of a THF solution of Sm(OTf)(3) with 1 equiv of an organolithium or organomagnesium reagent-at ambient temperature, the purple or deep green solution of the divalent samarium triflate [Sm(OTf)(2)] was readily obtained. For this preparation, s-BuLi was the most effective as was evidenced by the reduction of a-phenylethyl iodide in the presence of HMPA. The Sm(OTf)(2) reagent mediated the Grignard-type reaction effectively in THF/HMPA; alkylation and allylation of ketones or aldehydes with alkyl, allyl, or benzyl halides proceeded via organosamarium intermediates. Diastereoselectivity of the samarium-Grignard reaction was examined using 2-methylcyclohexanone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, and 2-phenylpropanal and was found to be higher in each case than that with SmI2. With 2-methylcyclohexanone, for example, Sm(OTf)(2) gave the greatest ratio of axial alcohol:equatorial alcohol = 99:1, and SmI2 gave a ratio of 91:9. Halides containing an ester or a silyl group were reactive in the Reformatsky- or Peterson-type reaction, respectively, using the Sm(OTf)(2) reagent.
Some Observations on the Mechanism of Diorganocuprate 1,4-Addition Reactions with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: Effects of Diethyl Ether in Reactions of Butylcoppers in Toluene
作者:Celia L. Kingsbury、Robin A. J. Smith
DOI:10.1021/jo970316y
日期:1997.7.1
Mixtures of butyllithium and copper iodide prepared in toluene react with alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones predominantly in a 1,2-fashion. Addition of 2 equiv of diethyl ether to the system results in a dramatic preference for the 1,4-product, as found normally with diorganocuprates in ethereal solvents. These results are in accordance with the theoretical predictions that a suitable ligand is required to facilitate the stabilization of a formally copper(III) reaction intermediate on the 1,4-addition mechanistic pathway.