Facile Synthesis of 3-Alkoxy-4-cyanothiophenes As New Building Blocks for Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Systems
摘要:
3-Alkoxy-4-cyanothiophenes are efficiently synthesized in two steps from the readily available 4-cyano-3-oxotetrahydrothiophene. Regioisomers of bithiophene derivatives are easily synthesized by playing on the strong electronic dissymmetry of the thiophene ring induced by the alkoxy and cyano groups.
Aromatization of 4‐cyano‐3‐oxotetrahydrothiophene by sulfuryl chloride gives the new building block 4‐cyano‐3‐pyrrolidylthiophene, which forms unsymmetrical regioregular oligothiophenes with a strict alternation of the donor and acceptor groups along the conjugated system. The self‐coupling reactions that form the oligomers are shown to proceed by a regioselective electrophilic aromatic substitution
Some poly (3,4-disubstituted)thiophenes bearing both cyano and alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups have been synthesized by direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) of 2-iodo-3,4-disubstituted thiophenes. The electron donor and acceptor properties of substituents in positions 3 and 4 allow to adjust the HOMO and LUMO levels. On the other hand, in order to avoid the polymer solubility problems, long branched