The Prevalence of Daytime Napping and Its Relationship to Nighttime Sleep
摘要:
Many healthy adults report daytime napping. Surprisingly few studies, however have examined spontaneous napping behavior especially very short naps, in healthy adults. The authors examined the prevalence of power naps (lasting less than 20 minutes) and longer naps (20 minutes or more) and their effects on nighttime sleep in a group of healthy young and middle-aged adults. The young and middle-aged adults reported very similar sleep and napping patterns, with approximately 74% of the participants in both groups reporting they had napped during a 7-day sleep-log period. Almost half of the participants reported that the average nap lasted less than 20 minutes. A multivariant analysis of variance (MANOVA) found no significant differences between the no-nap and the power-nap or long-nap groups in sleep quantity or quality for either age group. The current data suggested that power napping occurs frequently in healthy adults and that spontaneous napping does not negatively affect nighttime sleep.
REACTION OF PROPARGYL BROMIDE AND TRIMETHYLSILYLPROPARGYL IODIDE WITH METALLIC TIN, ALUMINUM, AND ALDEHYDES OR KETONES. SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF β-ACETYLENE, β-TRIMETHYLSILYLACETYLENE, AND α-TRIMETHYLSILYLALLENE ALCOHOLS
β-Acetylenic and α-allenic alcohols were synthesized selectively by the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with organotin compounds prepared by treatment of propargyl bromide or trimethylsilylpropargyl iodide with metallic tin and aluminum in a suitable solvent.
Preparation and reactions of samarium diiodide in nitriles
作者:Béatrice Hamann、Jean-Louis Namy、Henri B. Kagan
DOI:10.1016/0040-4020(96)00861-7
日期:1996.11
Samarium diiodide can be prepared from samarium metal in various nitriles. Because of its chemical inertness pivalonitrile is the most suitable solvent. Organic reactions mediated by SmI2 are slower than in THF, but selectivities are often improved. Reactions are greatly accelerated by addition of catalytic amounts of some transition metal salts.
Divalent lanthanide derivatives in organic synthesis. 1. Mild preparation of samarium iodide and ytterbium iodide and their use as reducing or coupling agents
作者:P. Girard、J. L. Namy、H. B. Kagan
DOI:10.1021/ja00528a029
日期:1980.4
Organosamariums: preparation using diiodosamarium and reactivity in tetrahydropyran
作者:Béatrice Hamann-Gaudinet、Jean-Louis Namy、Henri B. Kagan
DOI:10.1016/s0022-328x(98)00666-4
日期:1998.9
Diiodosamarium prepared in tetrahydropyran reduces allylic, benzylic and alkyl halides at 0 or -15 degrees C to give organosamariums which are stable under these conditions. The reactivity of these organometallics has been explored, showing that they are very selective reagents. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
GIRARD P.; NAMY J. I.; KAGAN H. B., J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., 1980, 102, NO 8, 2693-2698