生物活性 Esonarimod (KE-298) 是一种抗风湿化合物。
体外研究 Esonarimod (KE-298) 在10至300 μg/mL 的剂量下以剂量依赖性的方式抑制RAW264.7细胞的NO产生。其IC50 值为117.5 μg/mL,该剂量范围内对细胞存活无影响,并且Esonarimod 对RAW264.7 细胞裂解物中的NOS活性无直接影响。
体内研究 多次口服给予标记有放射性的Esonarimod (¹⁴C-KE-298) 后,放射性物质迅速减少,未发现积累趋势。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | (S)-Esonarimod | 176107-73-6 | C14H16O4S | 280.345 |
—— | (R)-Esonarimod | 176107-74-7 | C14H16O4S | 280.345 |
S-甲基KE-298 | S-methyl-Esonarimod | 143584-75-2 | C13H16O3S | 252.334 |
—— | (-)-(2R)-4-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-2-methylthiomethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | 211241-35-9 | C13H16O4S | 268.334 |
—— | (-)-(2R)-4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-methylthiomethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | 211241-37-1 | C13H14O5S | 282.317 |
—— | (+/-)-2-thiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid | 153475-06-0 | C12H14O3S | 238.307 |
—— | S-methyl-esonarimod sulfoxide | —— | C13H16O4S | 268.334 |
—— | (-)-(2R)-4-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-2-methylsulfinylmethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | —— | C13H16O5S | 284.333 |
—— | (-)-(2R)-4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfinylmethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | —— | C13H14O6S | 298.317 |
The reactivity of the thiol moiety of the active main metabolite (M-I) of esonarimod (kE-298), a novel anti-rheumatic agent, was investigated in rats. After repeated oral administration of 14C-kE-298, the radioactivity decreased rapidly and no tendency towards accumulation was found, in marked contrast to other common SH-group-containing drugs. At 30 min after intravenous administration of 14C-M-I to rats, the concentration of the 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate in plasma was extremely low at 0.143 nmol mL−1 (0.66% of total plasma radioactivity). The 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate that formed in rat plasma was mixed disulfide with plasma protein. After intravenous administration of synthetic 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate to rats, the radioactivity in plasma decreased rapidly, with the terminal half-life at 6.90 h. In-vitro, the 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate was readily dissociated by the endogenous thiol compounds, cysteine and glutathione. These results suggest that the reactivity of the thiol moiety of M-I is extremely low. Furthermore, the 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate decreased rapidly in-vivo, which would be related to interaction with endogenous thiol compounds. These properties of M-I are principally responsible for the zero accumulation in rat tissues. kE-298 could therefore be expected to have reduced adverse effects compared with other SH-group-containing anti-rheumatic drugs.