作者:U. Scherf、K. Müllen
DOI:10.1055/s-1992-34172
日期:——
The synthesis of unconventional extended Ï-systems is described in an attempt to tailor the structures of organic compounds for specific optical and electrical properties. In order to emphasize the role of the Ï-conjugation and to correlate chemical structure and physical function both one-dimensional arylenevinylenes and two-dimensional ribbon-type molecules are considered. In the synthesis of the former the aryl-olefin coupling according to Heck is of special value, the synthesis of the latter is achieved by repetitive Diels-Alder cycloadditions and by two-step processes in which carefully designed polyaryl precursors are subjected to ring closure. Key ingredients of the present approach are the interplay of synthetic organic chemistry and synthetic macromolecular chemistry and the needs outlined by materials sciences. Thereby, transition from monomers to oligomers and polymers defines new requirements for the selectivity of the synthetic reactions and the tractability of the products. 1. Introduction 2. Oligo- and Poly(arylenevinylene)s 2.1. Structurally Defined Oligo(1,4-phenylenevinylene)s - Valuable Model Systems for Understanding Properties of the Corresponding Polymers 2.2. Oligomers and Polymers Containing the 9,10-Anthrylene Unit in the Main Chain 2.3. Unusual Redoxactive Systems via Incorporation of 1,5-Cyclooctatetraenylene Units 2.4. The 2,2′-Biphenylylene Building Block - toward the Generation of Photoreactive Poly(arylenevinylene)s 3. Ï-Systems with Ribbon- or Ladder-Type Structures 3.1. Ribbon-Type Structures via Repetitive Diels-Alder reactions 3.2. Ribbon-Type Structures via Polymer-Analogous Cyclization of Linear Precursors 3.2.1. Double-Stranded Poly(phenylene)s via Cyclization of Open-Chain Precursors 3.2.2. Oligorylenes - Synthesis of Ribbon-Type Molecules with peri-Fused Naphthalene Units 4. Conclusions
本文介绍了非常规扩展Ï-系统的合成方法,试图调整有机化合物的结构,使其具有特定的光学和电学特性。为了强调Ï-共轭的作用,并将化学结构和物理功能联系起来,我们考虑了一维芳基乙烯和二维带状分子。在前者的合成过程中,根据 Heck 法进行的芳基-烯烃偶联具有特殊价值,而后者的合成则是通过重复的 Diels-Alder 环化反应和两步法实现的,在这两步法中,精心设计的多芳基前体要进行闭环。本方法的关键要素是合成有机化学和合成大分子化学的相互作用以及材料科学的需求。因此,从单体到低聚物和聚合物的过渡对合成反应的选择性和产品的可操作性提出了新的要求。 1. 引言 2. 低聚物和聚(芳基乙烯) 2.1. 结构明确的低聚(1,4-亚苯基乙烯)--了解相应聚合物性质的宝贵模型系统 2.2. 主链中含有 9,10-苯乙烯单元的低聚物和聚合物 2.3. 含有 1,5-环辛四烯单元的非同寻常的氧化还原体系 2.4. 2,2′-联苯基构件--走向光活性聚(芳基乙烯)的生成 3. 具有带状或梯状结构的 Ï 系统 3.1. 通过重复 Diels-Alder 反应生成的带状结构 3.2. 通过线性前体的聚合物类似环化反应生成的带状结构 3.2.1.通过开链前体环化合成双链聚亚苯基 3.2.2.低聚亚萘--具有近融合萘单元的带状分子的合成 4. 结论