Lipoxygenase-1 Inhibition with a Series of Half-Product Analogs
摘要:
A new series of sulfur-containing competitive inhibitors for lipoxygenase-1 from soybeans has been synthesized and characterized. The compounds resemble the omega-half of the product of catalysis, and can, therefore, be thought of as half-product analogs. A series of inhibitors differing in the length of the omega-terminal aliphatic substituent was assembled. Lipoxygenase-1 inhibition at pH 9 was greatest for (E)-4-thia-2-undecenal, the compound bearing the n-C7H15 substituent. Longer or shorter aliphatic substituents provided less effective inhibitors. This optimal fit of the inhibitory compounds reflecting the known substrate specificity of the enzyme along with the competitive inhibition kinetics displayed by these substances implicated an active site interaction. The relatively uncomplicated features of the compounds made it possible to explore synthetically for other aspects of the structure favorable for an inhibitory effect. Compounds containing functional groups other than the aldehyde at the 1-position were all less effective inhibitors. In addition to the optimal hydrophobic substituent, an electron-rich region in the molecule was also critical to the inhibitory effect. alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes were about 10 times more effective inhibitors than the saturated analogs. The 4-thia substituent was not absolutely required for inhibition, but electron density at this position was important. gamma,delta-Unsaturation replaced the sulfur in this capacity with little effect on the inhibition constant. The electron-rich aldehydes showed no tendency to form hydrates in aqueous solution or Schiff base adducts with the enzyme. Physical evidence for a protein-ligand interaction was sought in a series of H-1 NMR spectroscopy experiments. There was clear evidence for a specific interaction between the compounds and the enzyme in these measurements. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.
Nouvelle méthode d'identification de thioalcools volatils par chromatographie sur papier
作者:A. Jacot-Guillarmod、P. Ceschini
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19590420310
日期:——
On dćrit une méthoded'identificationdethioalcoolsvolatilsparchromatographiesurpapier. La technique consiste dans l'analyse des dinitro-2,4-phényl-hydrazones des alcoylmercapto-3-propanals, formés par l'addition de ces thioalcools à l'acroléine.
Pentaerythritol co-esters derived from pentaerythritol, (3-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-alkanoic acids or an analog thereof and alkylthioalkanoic acids or lower alkyl esters of such acids are useful as stabilizers of organic material normally susceptible to oxidative and/or thermal deterioration. The co-esters are advantageously prepared by transesterification of such esters with pentaerythritol. Preferred co-esters are (I) pentaerythritol tris[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]-mono[3-n-dodecylthiopropionate] and (II) pentaerythritol bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]-bis[3-n-dodecylthiopropionate). The co-esters are especially useful in stabilizing applications for which physical mixtures of (i) (3-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)alkanoic acid esters of polyols with (ii) polyalkanol esters of alkylthioalkanoic acids have heretofore been proposed.
由季戊四醇、(3-烷基-4-羟基苯基)-烷酸或其类似物以及烷硫基烷酸或此类酸的低级烷基酯衍生的季戊四醇共酯可用作通常易受氧化和/或热变质影响的有机材料的稳定剂。共酯的制备方法主要是将此类酯与季戊四醇进行酯交换反应。优选的共酯类有:(I) 季戊四醇三[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]-单[3-正十二烷基硫代丙酸酯]和 (II) 季戊四醇双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]-双[3-正十二烷基硫代丙酸酯]。这些共酯在稳定应用方面特别有用,此前已经提出了 (i) (3- 烷基-4-羟基苯基)烷酸多元醇酯与 (ii) 烷硫基烷酸多元醇酯的物理混合物。
Lipoxygenase-1 Inhibition with a Series of Half-Product Analogs
作者:Zhenyu Zhu、Max O. Funk, Jr.
DOI:10.1006/bioo.1996.0010
日期:1996.3
A new series of sulfur-containing competitive inhibitors for lipoxygenase-1 from soybeans has been synthesized and characterized. The compounds resemble the omega-half of the product of catalysis, and can, therefore, be thought of as half-product analogs. A series of inhibitors differing in the length of the omega-terminal aliphatic substituent was assembled. Lipoxygenase-1 inhibition at pH 9 was greatest for (E)-4-thia-2-undecenal, the compound bearing the n-C7H15 substituent. Longer or shorter aliphatic substituents provided less effective inhibitors. This optimal fit of the inhibitory compounds reflecting the known substrate specificity of the enzyme along with the competitive inhibition kinetics displayed by these substances implicated an active site interaction. The relatively uncomplicated features of the compounds made it possible to explore synthetically for other aspects of the structure favorable for an inhibitory effect. Compounds containing functional groups other than the aldehyde at the 1-position were all less effective inhibitors. In addition to the optimal hydrophobic substituent, an electron-rich region in the molecule was also critical to the inhibitory effect. alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes were about 10 times more effective inhibitors than the saturated analogs. The 4-thia substituent was not absolutely required for inhibition, but electron density at this position was important. gamma,delta-Unsaturation replaced the sulfur in this capacity with little effect on the inhibition constant. The electron-rich aldehydes showed no tendency to form hydrates in aqueous solution or Schiff base adducts with the enzyme. Physical evidence for a protein-ligand interaction was sought in a series of H-1 NMR spectroscopy experiments. There was clear evidence for a specific interaction between the compounds and the enzyme in these measurements. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.