B 3 NO 2六元杂环(1,3-二氧杂-5-氮杂-2,4,6-三硼烷= DATB),由三种不同的非碳2期元素组成,最近被证明是羧酸脱水缩合的强大催化剂酸和胺。然而,繁琐的DATB合成大大降低了其作为催化剂的用途,因此,实际上仍未探索环系统的固有化学性质。在此公开了一种通用且简便的合成策略,该策略利用含嘧啶的支架可靠地安装硼原子,从而以模块化的方式由廉价材料制成了一系列Pym-DATB。可溶性Pym‐DATB衍生物的鉴定可用于研究B 3 NO 2的动力学性质环系统,根据介质的不同,显示出不同的开环和开环行为。易于获取的Pym‐DATB证明了其作为脱水酰胺化的有效催化剂的实用性,具有广泛的底物范围和官能团耐受性,为试剂驱动的酰胺化提供了一种通用且实用的催化替代方法。
All Non‐Carbon B
<sub>3</sub>
NO
<sub>2</sub>
Exotic Heterocycles: Synthesis, Dynamics, and Catalysis
作者:Christopher R. Opie、Hidetoshi Noda、Masakatsu Shibasaki、Naoya Kumagai
DOI:10.1002/chem.201900715
日期:2019.3.27
The B3NO2 six‐membered heterocycle (1,3‐dioxa‐5‐aza‐2,4,6‐triborinane=DATB), comprising three different non‐carbon period 2 elements, has been recently demonstrated to be a powerful catalyst for dehydrative condensation of carboxylic acids and amines. The tedious synthesis of DATB, however, has significantly diminished its utility as a catalyst, and thus the inherent chemical properties of the ring
B 3 NO 2六元杂环(1,3-二氧杂-5-氮杂-2,4,6-三硼烷= DATB),由三种不同的非碳2期元素组成,最近被证明是羧酸脱水缩合的强大催化剂酸和胺。然而,繁琐的DATB合成大大降低了其作为催化剂的用途,因此,实际上仍未探索环系统的固有化学性质。在此公开了一种通用且简便的合成策略,该策略利用含嘧啶的支架可靠地安装硼原子,从而以模块化的方式由廉价材料制成了一系列Pym-DATB。可溶性Pym‐DATB衍生物的鉴定可用于研究B 3 NO 2的动力学性质环系统,根据介质的不同,显示出不同的开环和开环行为。易于获取的Pym‐DATB证明了其作为脱水酰胺化的有效催化剂的实用性,具有广泛的底物范围和官能团耐受性,为试剂驱动的酰胺化提供了一种通用且实用的催化替代方法。
Synthesis of γ-Lactams from Acrylamides by Single-Carbon Atom Doping Annulation
作者:Hayato Fujimoto、Bunta Nakayasu、Mamoru Tobisu
DOI:10.1021/jacs.3c07052
日期:2023.9.13
A protocol for single-carbon atom doping annulation is reported, which enables the conversion of acrylamides into homologated γ-lactams through the cleavage of two σ-bonds and the formation of four new σ-bonds at the single carbon center. The key strategy is the use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as an atomic carbon equivalent by acting as carbon atom donors through the loss of a 1,2-diimine moiety. Experimental
Photochemical isomerization of thiomethacryl-, thiotiglyl-, and thiocrotonamides gives iminothietanes, N-(2-thietanylidene)amines, in good yields. The iminothietanes reverted quantitatively to the starting materials on heating. Use of Michler's ketone or thioxanthone as sensitizers indicates that the photoelectric cyclization proceeds from the triplet excited state. Irradiation of N-benzylthiocinnamamide does not give an iminothietane, but only cis-trans isomerization that reached the photostationary state at cis/trans = 1.7.
Solid State Photochemical Reaction of <i>N</i>-(α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl)benzoylformamides
Photochemical reactions of various N-(alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl)benzoylfomamides both in solution and in a solid state were investigated. Under homogeneous conditions, all acyclic imides underwent photochemical 2 + 2 cycloaddition that resulted in the production of bicyclic oxetanes. N-Isopropyl- and N-benzyl-N-tigloylbenzoylformamides crystallized in a chiral space group, and the photolysis in the solid state yielded corresponding optic ally-active oxetanes. N-Tigloylbenzoylformanilide underwent cis-trans isomerization to yield a photostationary state (cis/trans = 1.3). Solid state oxetane formation of N-benzyl- and N-(o-tolyl)- and N-(2,6-xylpl)-N-tigloylbenzoylformamides progressed via the crystal-to-crystal pathway which was followed by X-ray powder diffraction, N-Benzyl-N-methacryloylbenzoylformamide crystallized in a chiral space group, and the solid state reaction led to an optically active beta-lactam via topochemically-controlled hydrogen abstraction by the alkenyl carbon atom. Photolysis of N-isopropyl-N-methacryloylbenzoylformamide in the solid state led to both oxetane formation and a transformation to azetidine-2,4-dione involving a 1,5-benzoyl shift.