Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
[EN] THERAPEUTIC ACRYLATES AS ENHANCED MEDICAL ADHESIVES<br/>[FR] ACRYLATES THÉRAPEUTIQUES UTILES EN TANT QU'ADHÉSIFS MÉDICAUX AMÉLIORÉS
申请人：UNIV CARNEGIE MELLON
公开号：WO2018052936A1
公开（公告）日：2018-03-22
Provided herein are therapeutic acrylate compounds useful as medical adhesives, comprising a therapeutic agent covalently linked to a methacrylate or cyanoacrylate moiety. Adhesive compositions and kits, such as liquid sutures and bone cement also are provided along with uses for the compositions.
The invention relates to particular substituted heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, their prodrugs, in free, pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or substantially pure form as described herein, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use in the treatment of diseases involving 5-HT2A receptor, serotonin transporter (SERT) and/or pathways involving dopamine D2 receptor signaling systems.
Described herein are methods for treating a blood vessel. In an embodiment, the method of treating a blood vessel comprises providing at least one manipulable tool in a blood vessel, depositing a non-solid polymerizable material into a deposition area of the vessel, wherein the polymerizable liquid hardens over time upon contact with blood in the blood vessel, and altering the shape of the polymerizable material while it hardens by manipulating the tool.
BITTER TASTE MODIFIERS INCLUDING SUBSTITUTED 1-BENZYL-3-(1-(ISOXAZOL-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)IMIDAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
申请人：SENOMYX, INC.
公开号：US20160376263A1
公开（公告）日：2016-12-29
The present invention includes compounds and compositions known to modify the perception of bitter taste, and combinations of said compositions and compounds with additional compositions, compounds, and products. Exemplary compositions comprise one or more of the following: cooling agents; inactive drug ingredients; active pharmaceutical ingredients; food additives or foodstuffs; flavorants, or flavor enhancers; food or beverage products; bitter compounds; sweeteners; bitterants; sour flavorants; salty flavorants; umami flavorants; plant or animal products; compounds known to be used in pet care products; compounds known to be used in personal care products; compounds known to be used in home products; pharmaceutical preparations; topical preparations; cannabis-derived or cannabis-related products; compounds known to be used in oral care products; beverages; scents, perfumes, or odorants; compounds known to be used in consumer products; silicone compounds; abrasives; surfactants; warming agents; smoking articles; fats, oils, or emulsions; and/or probiotic bacteria or supplements.
[EN] PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTRON DEFICIENT OLEFINS<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION D'OLÉFINES DÉFICIENTES EN ÉLECTRONS
申请人：HENKEL IP & HOLDING GMBH
公开号：WO2018114464A1
公开（公告）日：2018-06-28
This invention relates to a process for preparing electron deficient olefins, such as 2-cyanoacrylates, using an acid catalyzed two-step process including a transesterification reaction followed by a Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
