Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable Phthalazinone Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonists
摘要:
The bradykinin B1 receptor is rapidly induced upon tissue injury and inflammation, stimulating the production of inflammatory mediators resulting in plasma extravasation, leukocyte trafficking, edema, and pain. We have previously reported on sulfonamide and sulfone-based B1 antagonists containing a privileged bicyclic amine moiety leading to potent series of 2-oxopiperazines. The suboptimal pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of the oxopiperazine sulfonamides led us to seek B1 antagonists with improved druglike properties. Using a pharmacophore model containing a bicyclic amine as anchor, we designed a series of amide antagonists with targeted physicochemical properties. This approach led to a novel series of potent phthalazinone B1 antagonists, where we successfully replaced a sulfonamide acceptor with a cyclic carbonyl unit. SAR studies revealed compounds with subnanomolar B1 binding affinity. These compounds demonstrate excellent cross-species PK properties with high oral bioavailability and potent activity in a rabbit biochemical challenge pharmacodynamic study.
zed carbonylations involved either toxic carbon monoxide (CO) gas as carbonylating agent or functional-group-assisted ortho sp2 C–H activation (i.e., ortho acylation) or carbonylation by activation of the carbonyl group (i.e., via the formation of enamines). Contradicting these methods, here we describe an environmentally benign process, [Pd]-catalyzed direct carbonylation starting from simple and
and great synthetic value of chiral lactones and their derivatives, increasing attention has been paid to developing effective synthetic methods for chiral lactones. We herein report an efficientasymmetrichydrogenation of benzo-fused ketoesters, γ-ketoesters and biaryl-bridged ketoesters catalyzed by chiral iridium complexes bearing ferrocene-based chiral ligands, furnishing a series of chiral lactones
flavoenzymes mediate mechanistically unrelated transformations such as desaturations and epoxidations with oxygen from air. We disclose the combination of both activities in a sequential fashion using molecular flavin catalysts in the organic laboratory. Our protocol consists of initial photochemical desaturation of silylenolethers and subsequent α,β-epoxyketone formation with molecular oxygen.