The Effects of Membership in Church-Related Associations and Labor Unions on Age Differences in Voluntary Association Affiliations
作者:Jon Hendricks、Stephen J. Cutler
DOI:10.1093/geront/41.2.250
日期:2001.4.1
Purpose:When compositional differences between age groups are controlled, the bivariate, curvilinear pattern of age differences in voluntary association memberships is replaced by one in which peak membership levels occur in late middle age and remain relatively stable thereafter. We sought to determine if this adjusted pattern persists when widespread memberships in two types of associations are removed: (1) church-related organizations, in which membership increases with age but may be confounded with church membership per se; and (2) labor unions, in which membership is also widespread but may not be "voluntary."Design and Methods:Total memberships in 14 types of associations were examined using aggregated data from 12 national surveys conducted between 1974 and 1994.Results:The familiar curvilinear relationship at the bivariate level appears, but in the multivariate analysis, membership levels rise from ages 18–24 through 55–59 and persist close to that level through ages 85 and older.Implications:The results reaffirm that age differences in voluntary association affiliations are due to age-based compositional differences; they also show, however, that the pattern observed with controls is neither driven by membership in church-related "associations" nor altered when membership in labor unions is excluded.
目的:当年龄组之间的构成差异受到控制时,自愿协会会员资格中年龄差异的二元曲线模式将被一种会员水平峰值出现在中年后期并在此后保持相对稳定的模式所取代。我们试图确定当两类协会的广泛会员资格被取消时,这种调整后的模式是否仍然存在:(1)与教会相关的组织,其中会员资格随着年龄的增长而增加,但可能与教会会员资格本身相混淆; (2) 工会,其成员资格也很广泛,但可能不是“自愿的”。 设计和方法:使用 1974 年至 1994 年间进行的 12 次全国性调查的汇总数据对 14 类协会的总成员资格进行了审查。双变量水平上出现了熟悉的曲线关系,但在多变量分析中,会员水平从 18-24 岁上升到 55-59 岁,并在 85 岁及以上一直保持接近该水平。 意义:结果再次证实,自愿协会中的年龄差异隶属关系是由于年龄构成差异造成的;然而,它们也表明,通过控制观察到的模式既不是由与教会有关的"协会"的成员资格所驱动的,也不是因为工会成员资格被排除在外而改变的。