Stereospecific Photoredox‐Catalyzed Vinylations to Functionalized Alkenes and C‐Glycosides
作者:Kumar Bhaskar Pal、Ester Maria Di Tommaso、A. Ken Inge、Berit Olofsson
DOI:10.1002/anie.202301368
日期:——
photo-catalyzed, transition-metal-free C−C cross-coupling reaction has been developed with 4-alkyl-dihydropyridines (DHPs) and vinylbenziodoxol(on)es (VBX, VBO) to synthesize di- and trisubstituted alkenes with complete E : Z selectivity. A diastereoselective C-vinylation of glycosides was also developed. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a concerted radical coupling pathway.
Cis-configurational unsaturated ester, process for producing the same, and fragrance composition containing the same
申请人:Kuraray Co., Ltd.
公开号:EP0950652A1
公开(公告)日:1999-10-20
The present invention provides a cis-configurational unsaturated ester represented by the formula (1)
(where R is a methyl group or a phenyl group, and n is 1 or 2)
and also provides a fragrance composition containing the cis-configurational unsaturated ester in an effective amount. The cis-configurational unsaturated ester represented by the formula (1) can be produced by
reacting a cyclic vinyl ether represented by the formula (2a)
(where n is defined as above) with a Grignard reagent represented by the formula (3a)
RMgX (3a)
(where R is defined as above, and X is a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom)
in the presence of a triarylphosphine and not more than 0.05 mol of a nickel compound per one mole of the cyclic vinyl ether represented by the formula (2a) to give a cis-configurational unsaturated alcohol represented by the formula (4a)
(where n and R are defined as above); and
subjecting this cis-configurational unsaturated alcohol to acylation with acetic acid or a derivative thereof to give the cis-configurational unsaturated esters represented by the formula (1).
本发明提供了一种顺式构型不饱和酯,由式(1)表示
(其中 R 为甲基或苯基,n 为 1 或 2)。
并提供了一种含有有效量顺式结构不饱和酯的香料组合物。由式(1)代表的顺式构型不饱和酯可通过以下方法制得
使式(2a)代表的环乙烯基醚反应
(其中 n 的定义同上)与式 (3a) 所代表的格氏试剂反应制得
RMgX (3a)
(其中 R 的定义同上,X 为氯原子、溴原子或碘原子)
在三芳基膦和每 1 摩尔式(2a)所代表的环乙烯基醚中含有不超过 0.05 摩尔镍化合物的情况下,生成式(4a)所代表的顺式构型不饱和醇
(其中 n 和 R 的定义同上);以及
将顺式构型不饱和醇与乙酸或其衍生物进行酰化,得到式(1)代表的顺式构型不饱和酯。
Regiochemical and stereochemical studies on halocyclization reactions of unsaturated sulfides
作者:Xiao-Feng Ren、Edward Turos、Charles H. Lake、Melvyn Rowen Churchill
DOI:10.1021/jo00125a038
日期:1995.10
The regiochemistry and stereochemistry for the halocyclization reactions of unsaturated benzyl sulfides have been examined as a function of tether length, type of unsaturation (carbon-carbon double bond versus carbon-carbon triple bond), substituents, and halogenating agent. Alkenyl sulfides were found to react with iodine or bromine at room temperature to give five-membered ring cycloadducts exclusively over those having four-membered rings, while for larger systems, six-membered ring products are formed preferentially over their five-membered ring isomers and exclusively over the seven-membered ring adducts. The endo- versus exo-regioselectivity of these alkenyl sulfide ring closures most likely reflects the difference in thermodynamic stabilities of the beta-halo sulfide cycloadducts, which are able to equilibrate via a common episulfonium intermediate. The efficiency of the cyclization process markedly drops off for these alkenyl sulfides as the tether length increases beyond four intervening carbon centers. Thus, while the halogenations of 3-butenyl sulfides and 4-pentenyl sulfides give high yields of cycloadducts, those of 5-hexenyl sulfides afford only small amounts of cyclized products and large quantities of acyclic dibromides. Conversely the reactions of acetylenic sulfides with iodine give uniformly high yields and regiochemical control regardless of the tether length. Thus, 3-butynyl and 4-pentynyl sulfides cyclize cleanly to the five-membered ring while 5-hexynyl sulfides give exclusively the six-membered ring, The products arising from these alkynyl sulfide ring closures are believed to be formed under kinetic control. The methodology has been applied to the synthesis of unusual bicyclic beta-lactams related to the penicillin family of antibiotics.
Substituent Effects on the Stereochemical Course of Electrophile-initiated Tetrahydropyran-forming Reactions: A Possible Stereoelectronic Effect