Exploring 3-hydroxyflavone scaffolds as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, X-ray crystallography, antimicrobial, fluorescence behaviour, structure-activity relationship and molecular modelling studies
作者:Jamshaid Ashraf、Ehsan Ullah Mughal、Amina Sadiq、Maryam Bibi、Nafeesa Naeem、Anser Ali、Anam Massadaq、Nighat Fatima、Asif Javid、Muhammad Naveed Zafar、Bilal Ahmad Khan、Muhammad Faizan Nazar、Amara Mumtaz、Muhammad Nawaz Tahir、Masoud Mirzaei
DOI:10.1080/07391102.2020.1805364
日期:2021.12.12
To explore new scaffolds as tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors remain an interesting goal in the drug discovery and development. In due course and our approach to synthesize bioactive compounds, a series of varyingly substituted 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives (1-23) were synthesized in one-pot reaction and screened forin vitroagainst mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were unambiguously corroborated by usual spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, UV-Vis,H-1-,C-13-NMR) and mass spectrometry (EI-MS). The structure of compound15was also characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds (1-23) were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential. Biological studies exhibit pretty good activity against most of the bacterial-fungal strains and their activity is comparable to those of commercially available antibioticsi.e.Cefixime and Clotrimazole. Amongst the series, the compounds2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14and22exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, even better than standard compound. Remarkably, the compound2(IC50= 0.280 +/- 0.010 mu g/ml) was found almost sixfold and derivative5(IC50= 0.230 +/- 0.020 mu g/ml) about sevenfold more active as compared to standard Kojic acid (IC50=1.79 +/- 0.6 mu g/ml). Moreover, these synthetic compounds (1-23) displayed good to moderate activities against tested bacterial and fungal strains. Their emission behavior was also investigated in order to know their potential as fluorescent probes. The molecular modelling simulations were also performed to explore their binding interactions with active sites of the tyrosinase enzyme. Limited structure-activity relationship was established to design and develop new tyrosinase inhibitors by employing 2-arylchromone as a structural core in the future. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma