对互补核碱基之间的链间氢键的忠实识别构成了遗传密码的基础。复制包含稳定第三个碱基对的 DNA 的能力将允许通过用第三个补充遗传字母表的现有两个碱基对来扩展 DNA 的信息内容。我们报告了非天然核碱基的优化,其在双链 DNA 中的配对基于碱基间疏水相互作用。我们表明,这种非天然碱基对的稳定性和选择性可能与天然碱基对相当,甚至超过。我们还证明了几个非天然碱基对通过大肠杆菌 DNA 聚合酶 I 的 Klenow 片段掺入 DNA,其效率与天然 DNA 合成的效率相当。而且,
Aromatic Nonpolar Nucleosides as Hydrophobic Isosteres of Pyrimidines and Purine Nucleosides
作者:Barbara A. Schweitzer、Eric T. Kool
DOI:10.1021/jo00103a013
日期:1994.12
afforded the two β-C-nucleoside pyrimidine analogs 1 and 2. The dimethylindolyl nucleoside 3, a purine isostere, was obtained by a nucleophilic displacement on α-chlorodeoxyribofuranose by the sodium salt of 4,6-dimethylindole, followed by deprotection. Regio- and stereochemistry of the products were established with NOE difference spectra and (1)H NMR splitting patterns. Analogs 1 and 2 are nonpolar isosteres
描述了三种非极性核苷等排体的设计、合成和结构,用作 DNA 中非共价键的探针和设计的核酸结构中天然核苷的等排置换。取代的芳基格氏与 3',5'-双-O-甲苯酰-α-脱氧呋喃异戊酰氯反应,随后用甲醇钠在甲醇中脱保护,得到两个 β-C-核苷嘧啶类似物 1 和 2。二甲基吲哚基核苷 3,a嘌呤等排体是通过 4,6-二甲基吲哚的钠盐对 α-氯代脱氧呋喃核糖进行亲核置换,然后去保护而获得的。产物的区域和立体化学通过 NOE 差异光谱和 (1) H NMR 分裂模式建立。类似物 1 和 2 是胸苷的非极性等排体,核苷 3 是 2-氨基脱氧腺苷的等排体,它是胸苷的三重键沃森-克里克搭档。进行了半经验 AM1 计算以提供键长信息,以评估等排体与其天然对应物之间的结构相似性。
Enzymatic Phosphorylation of Unnatural Nucleosides
作者:Yiqin Wu、Ming Fa、Eunju Lee Tae、Peter G. Schultz、Floyd E. Romesberg
DOI:10.1021/ja028050m
日期:2002.12.1
In an effort to expand the geneticalphabet, a number of unnatural, predominantly hydrophobic, nucleoside analogues have been developed which pair selectively in duplex DNA and during enzymatic synthesis. Significant progress has been made toward the efficient in vitro replication of DNA containing these base pairs. However, the in vivo expansion of the geneticalphabet will require that the unnatural
为了扩大遗传字母表,已经开发了许多非天然的、主要是疏水性的核苷类似物,它们在双链 DNA 中和酶促合成过程中选择性地配对。在含有这些碱基对的 DNA 的体外有效复制方面取得了重大进展。然而,基因字母表的体内扩展将要求非天然三磷酸核苷在细胞内以足够的浓度用于 DNA 复制。我们报告了我们为开发基于核苷补救酶的非自然体内核苷磷酸化途径所做的初步努力。该途径的第一步由黑腹果蝇核苷激酶催化,该激酶催化核苷磷酸化为相应的单磷酸酯。
Hydrophobic, Non-Hydrogen-Bonding Bases and Base Pairs in DNA
作者:Barbara A. Schweitzer、Eric T. Kool
DOI:10.1021/ja00112a001
日期:1995.2
pyrimidines and purines in synthetic DNA duplexes. Phenyl nucleosides 1 and 2 are nonpolar isosteres of the natural thymidine nucleoside, and indole nucleoside 3 is an analog of the complementary purine 2-aminodeoxyadenosine. The nucleosides were incorporated into synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides and were paired against each other and against the natural bases. Thermal denaturation experiments were used
Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene as DNA Base Analogues: Synthesis, Structure, and Fluorescence in DNA
作者:Rex X.-F. Ren、Narayan C. Chaudhuri、Pamela L. Paris、Rumney、Eric T. Kool
DOI:10.1021/ja9612763
日期:1996.1.1
efficient method has also been developed for epimerization of the α-anomers to β-anomers by acid-catalyzed equilibration; this isomerization is successfully carried out on the four polycyclic nucleosides as well as two substituted phenyl nucleosides. The geometry of the anomeric substitution is derived from (1)H NOE experiments and is also correlated with a single-crystal X-ray structure of one α-isomer
我们描述了携带多环芳烃的脱氧核糖核苷的合成、结构和 DNA 掺入作为 DNA“基础”类似物。新的多环化合物是 1-萘基、2-萘基、9-菲基和 1-芘基脱氧核苷。这些化合物是使用最近开发的 C-糖苷键形成方法合成的,该方法涉及芳香族化合物的有机镉衍生物与 1α-氯代脱氧核糖前体偶联。这种偶联的主要产物是脱氧核糖苷的 α-端基异构体。还开发了一种通过酸催化平衡将 α-端基异构体差向异构化为 β-端基异构体的有效方法;这种异构化成功地对四个多环核苷以及两个取代的苯基核苷进行。异头取代的几何形状源自 (1)H NOE 实验,并且还与一种 α-异构体的单晶 X 射线结构相关。三种多环 C-核苷衍生物通过其亚磷酰胺衍生物整合到 DNA 寡核苷酸中;芘基和菲基衍生物在 DNA 序列中显示出荧光。结果 (1) 拓宽了我们的 C-糖苷偶联反应的范围,(2) 证明(使用新的酸催化差向异构化)α-和 β-异头物
Efforts toward the Expansion of the Genetic Alphabet: Information Storage and Replication with Unnatural Hydrophobic Base Pairs
作者:Anthony K. Ogawa、Yiqin Wu、Dustin L. McMinn、Jianquan Liu、Peter G. Schultz、Floyd E. Romesberg
DOI:10.1021/ja9940064
日期:2000.4.1
whose pairing in duplex DNA is based on interbase hydrophobic interactions. We show that the stability and selectivity of such unnaturalbasepairs may be comparable to, or even exceed, that of native pairs. We also demonstrate that several unnaturalbasepairs are incorporated into DNA by Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with an efficiency equivalent to that of native DNA synthesis
对互补核碱基之间的链间氢键的忠实识别构成了遗传密码的基础。复制包含稳定第三个碱基对的 DNA 的能力将允许通过用第三个补充遗传字母表的现有两个碱基对来扩展 DNA 的信息内容。我们报告了非天然核碱基的优化,其在双链 DNA 中的配对基于碱基间疏水相互作用。我们表明,这种非天然碱基对的稳定性和选择性可能与天然碱基对相当,甚至超过。我们还证明了几个非天然碱基对通过大肠杆菌 DNA 聚合酶 I 的 Klenow 片段掺入 DNA,其效率与天然 DNA 合成的效率相当。而且,