名称:
Calixarenes. 27. Synthesis, characterization, and complexation studies of double-cavity calix[4]arenes
摘要:
The ease with which calix[4]arenes can be selectively substituted at the distal phenolic oxygens is employed to advantage to build a second cavity and create two classes of ''double-cavity calixarenes''. Through the use of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride, 3-nitro-5-carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride, 3,5-dinitrobenzyl chloride, or 3-nitro-5-carbomethoxybenzyl chloride the diesters 2 and 16, diethers 3 and 17, and ether-ester 10 have been prepared. The second cavity is built by reduction of the nitro groups to amino groups to give compounds 4, 5, 13, 18, and 19 followed by treatment with a diacyl chloride. The products obtained from 4, 5, and 13 are double-spanned double-cavity calix[4]arenes; those from 18 and 19 are single-spanned double-cavity calix[4]arenes. A study of the complexation characteristics of the double-spanned double-cavity calixarenes (6, 7, and 14) shows the diester double-cavity calix[4]arene 6 to be the most effective of the three in forming complexes with acidic compounds (i.e., phenols and carboxylic acids) as well as basic compounds (i.e., pyridines, imidazoles, aliphatic amines). The K(assoc) values range from < 5 to 55 M-1 and are dependent both on the shape and the acidity or basicity of the guest. Several lines of evidence, including molecular modeling studies, indicate that complexation occurs at the side rather than the bottom of the host molecule, providing an explanation for the differences in K(assoc) for various pairs of guests and also establishing the rationale for the synthesis of the single-spanned double-cavity calix[4]arenes (20, 21) which form quite strong complexes (K(assoc) > 10(3)) with certain guests such as resorcinol.