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甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 | 155569-91-8

中文名称
甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐
中文别名
埃玛菌素苯甲酸盐;因灭汀苯甲酸盐;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐;4'-表-甲氨基-4'-脱氧阿维菌素B1苯甲酸盐
英文名称
Proclaim
英文别名
[(2S,3S,4S,6S)-6-[(2S,3S,4S,6R)-6-[(1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'E,12'S,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21',24'-dihydroxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethyl-2'-oxospiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-12'-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]-methylazanium;benzoate
甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐化学式
CAS
155569-91-8
化学式
C56H81NO15
mdl
——
分子量
1008.2
InChiKey
GCKZANITAMOIAR-XWVCPFKXSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    141-146°C
  • 溶解度:
    可溶于氯仿(少许)、甲醇(少许)
  • 颜色/状态:
    White to off-white powder
  • 密度:
    1.20 at 23 °C /Emamectin benzoate/
  • 蒸汽压力:
    3.8X10-8 mm Hg at 21 °C /Emamectin benzoate/
  • 旋光度:
    Specific optical rotation: -6.9 deg (c = 0.5% in methanol)
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of /Nitrogen oxide/.
  • 解离常数:
    pKa: 4.18 (acidic, attributed to benzoate counter ion), 8.71 (basic, attributed to emamectin moiety)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    4.63
  • 重原子数:
    72
  • 可旋转键数:
    9
  • 环数:
    8.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.68
  • 拓扑面积:
    207
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    15

ADMET

代谢
大西洋鲑鱼(约1.3公斤)在5±1摄氏度的海罐中饲养,通过饲料以50微克/公斤/天的名义剂量连续7天给予[(3)H]依玛菌素B1苯甲酸盐。在最终剂量后的3小时和12小时以及1、3、7、15、30、45、60和90天,从每组10条鱼中收集组织、血液和胆汁。从最终剂量前开始,每天从罐中收集粪便,直至最终剂量后90天。在给药期间,每日粪便样本的总放射性残留物(TRR)最大为0.25 ppm,且在覆盖给药期的合并粪便中,大于97%的TRR是依玛菌素B1a。粪便TRR随后迅速下降,最终剂量后1天大约降至0.05 ppm。在给药后90天内,组织的平均TRR范围如下:肾脏,1.4-3 ppm;肝脏,1.0-2.3 ppm;皮肤,0.04-0.09 ppm;肌肉,0.02-0.06 ppm;骨骼,小于0.01 ppm。按给药后时间间隔合并的肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和皮肤样本的残留物组分为依玛菌素B1a(81-100% TRR)和去甲基依玛菌素B1a(0-17% TRR),在一些肌肉样本中可以看到N-甲酰依玛菌素B1a的微量(小于2%)。选作依玛菌素残留监管监测的标志残留物是依玛菌素B1a。使用高效液相色谱-荧光法量化个体皮肤和肌肉样本中的依玛菌素B1a平,在所有分析的样本中(给药后3小时至30天),该平低于85 ppb。
Atlantic salmon (approximately 1.3 kg) maintained in tanks of seawater at 5 +/- 1 degrees C were dosed with [(3)H]emamectin B1 benzoate in feed at a nominal rate of 50 ug of emamectin benzoate/kg/day for 7 consecutive days. Tissues, blood, and bile were collected from 10 fish each at 3 and 12 hr and at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days post final dose. Feces were collected daily from the tanks beginning just prior to dosing to 90 days post final dose. The total radioactive residues (TRR) of the daily feces samples during dosing were 0.25 ppm maximal, and >97% of the TRR in pooled feces covering the dosing period was emamectin B1a. Feces TRR then rapidly declined to approximately 0.05 ppm by 1 day post final dose. The ranges of mean TRR for tissues over the 90 days post dose period were as follows: kidney, 1.4-3 ppm; liver, 1.0-2.3 ppm; skin, 0.04-0.09 ppm; muscle, 0.02-0.06 ppm; and bone, <0.01 ppm. The residue components of liver, kidney, muscle, and skin samples pooled by post dose interval were emamectin B1a (81-100% TRR) and desmethylemamectin B1a (0-17% TRR) with N-formylemamectin B1a seen in trace amounts (<2%) in some muscle samples. The marker residue selected for regulatory surveillance of emamectin residues was emamectin B1a. The emamectin B1a level was quantified in individual samples of skin and muscle using HPLC-fluorometry and was below 85 ppb in all samples analyzed (3 hr to 30 days post dose).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
...已鉴定出一个哺乳动物代谢物。这种代谢物被特征化为乙螨唑的N-去甲基化副产物。
...a single mammalian metabolite has been identified. This metabolite is characterized as an N-demethylation byproduct of emamectin.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
(3)H/(14)C-标记的4"-脱氧-4"-表甲基阿维菌素B1a(MAB1a)苄酸盐的代谢,这是阿维菌素杀虫剂埃玛菌素苄酸盐的主要同系物(>/=90%),在产蛋鸡中进行了研究。十只白来航鸡(Gallus domesticus)每天口服一次,连续7天(1毫克/千克体重/天)。每天收集鸡蛋和排泄物,然后将鸡蛋分离成蛋白和蛋黄。最后一次给药后20小时内对鸡进行安乐死,并收集肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肌肉、脂肪、卵巢、肌胃、胃肠道及其内容物和尸体。大约70%和6%的总给药剂量分别回收在排泄物加胃肠道及其内容物和组织和鸡蛋中。确定了两种新的代谢物,即原化合物的24-羟甲基衍生物(24-羟甲基-4"-脱氧-4"-表甲基阿维菌素B1a)和24-羟甲基-4"-脱氧-4"-表甲基阿维菌素B1a的N-去甲基衍生物(24-羟甲基-4"-脱氧-4"-表阿维菌素B1a)。此外,还分离和鉴定了这两种代谢物的八个脂肪酸共轭物,占组织和鸡蛋中总放射性残留物的8-75%。尽管这在迄今为止报道的外源化学物质中代表了一些最广泛的体内脂肪酸结合,但由于本研究的剂量平大约是作物中MAB1a残留平的1000倍,且大部分应用的剂量在排泄物中被回收,因此人类通过食用鸡肉对MAB1a残留的潜在暴露会非常低。根据这些发现,MAB1a的鸟类生物转化与哺乳动物生物转化有显著差异。
The metabolism of (3)H/(14)C-labeled 4"-deoxy-4"-epimethylaminoavermectin B1a (MAB1a) benzoate, the major homologue (>/=90%) of the avermectin insecticide emamectin benzoate, was studied in laying chickens. Ten Leghorn hens (Gallus domesticus) were orally dosed once daily for 7 days (1 mg/kg of body weight/day). Eggs and excreta were collected daily, and eggs were subsequently separated into whites and yolks. Chickens were euthanized within 20 hr after the last dose, and liver, kidney, heart, muscle, fat, ovaries, gizzard, gastrointestinal tract and contents, and carcass were collected. Approximately 70 and 6% of the total administered dose were recovered in the excreta plus gastrointestinal tract and contents and in the tissues plus eggs, respectively. Two novel metabolites, i.e. the 24-hydroxymethyl derivative of the parent compound (24-hydroxymethyl-4"-deoxy-4"-epimethylaminoavermectin B1a) and the N-demethylated derivative of 24-hydroxymethyl-4"-deoxy-4"-epimethylaminoavermectin B1a (24-hydroxymethyl-4"-deoxy-4"-epiaminoavermectin B1a), were identified. In addition, eight fatty acid conjugates of each of these two metabolites, comprising 8-75% of total radioactive residues in tissues and eggs, were isolated and identified. Although this represents some of the most extensive in vivo fatty acid conjugation to a xenobiotic reported to date, potential human exposure to MAB1a residues from consumption of chicken would be extremely low, because the dosage level in this study was approximately 1000-fold greater than the MAB1a residue levels seen in crops and because the majority of the applied dose was recovered in the excreta. Based on these findings, the avian biotransformation of MAB1a differs substantially from the mammalian biotransformation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
苜蓿夜蛾在哺乳动物中并不是广泛代谢的,有限的关于苜蓿夜蛾代谢物的信息表明,代谢不会导致苜蓿夜蛾的解毒。苜蓿夜蛾的一个植物代谢物比苜蓿夜蛾本身更具毒性。
While emamectin benzoate is not extensively metabolized in mammals, the limited information on the metabolites of emamectin benzoate suggests that metabolism does not result in the detoxification of emamectin benzoate. One plant metabolite of emamectin benzoate is somewhat more toxic than emamectin benzoate itself.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
家蝇(Musca domestica L.)是全球乳制品运营中的重要害虫,能够适应广泛的环境条件。目前有许多杀虫剂用于它们的治理,但抗药性的发展是一个严重的问题。杀虫剂混合使用可以提高杀虫剂对具有抗性的害虫的毒性,因此作为一种潜在的的抗性管理工具。本研究评估了单独使用以及混合使用时, bifenthrin(联苯菊酯)、cypermethrin(氯氰菊酯)、deltamethrin(溴氰菊酯)、chlorpyrifos(毒死蜱)、profenofos(丙)、emamectin benzoate(甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐)和fipronil(氟虫腈)对家蝇的毒性。与实验室敏感株相比,现场收集的家蝇种群对所有调查的杀虫剂都显著产生了抗性。大多数杀虫剂混合物,如将一种拟除虫菊酯与其他化合物混合,在两种条件下(1:1-"A" 和 LC50: LC50-"B")显著提高了拟除虫菊酯对现场种群的毒性。在这两种条件下,拟除虫菊酯与其他化合物的组合指数在大多数情况下显著低于1,表明有协同作用。当酶抑制剂PBO和DEF与杀虫剂联合用于对抗抗性种群时,bifenthrin(联苯菊酯)、cypermethrin(氯氰菊酯)、deltamethrin(溴氰菊酯)和emamectin(甲阿维菌素)的毒性显著提高,这表明存在酯酶和单加氧酶为基础的抗性机制。通过将bifenthrin(联苯菊酯)、cypermethrin(氯氰菊酯)和deltamethrin(溴氰菊酯)与chlorpyrifos(毒死蜱)、profenofos(丙)、emamectin(甲阿维菌素)和fipronil(氟虫腈)混合,可以提高抗性家蝇种群的毒性。目前的研究结果对于家蝇的抗性管理可能具有实际意义。
House flies, Musca domestica L., are important pests of dairy operations worldwide, with the ability to adapt wide range of environmental conditions. There are a number of insecticides used for their management, but development of resistance is a serious problem. Insecticide mixtures could enhance the toxicity of insecticides in resistant insect pests, thus resulting as a potential resistance management tool. The toxicity of bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, emamectin benzoate and fipronil were assessed separately, and in mixtures against house flies. A field-collected population was significantly resistant to all the insecticides under investigation when compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. Most of the insecticide mixtures like one pyrethroid with other compounds evaluated under two conditions (1?1-"A" and LC50: LC50-"B") significantly increased the toxicity of pyrethroids in the field population. Under both conditions, the combination indices of pyrethroids with other compounds, in most of the cases, were significantly below 1, suggesting synergism. The enzyme inhibitors, PBO and DEF, when used in combination with insecticides against the resistant population, toxicities of bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and emamectin were significantly increased, suggesting esterase and monooxygenase based resistance mechanism. The toxicities of bifenthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in the resistant population of house flies could be enhanced by the combination with chlorpyrifos, profenofos, emamectin and fipronil. The findings of the present study might have practical significance for resistance management in house flies.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
早期中毒迹象包括瞳孔扩张、肌肉失调和肌肉震颤。在暴露后半小时内呕吐可以减少意外摄入产品后的毒性;在暴露后迅速(<15分钟)反复给予大量水中的医疗活性炭……。如果暴露引起的毒性进展到严重呕吐,应评估由此引起的液体和电解质失衡的程度。应根据临床迹象、症状和测量给予适当的支持性静脉补液替代疗法,以及其他必要的支持性措施(例如维持血压水平和适当的呼吸功能)。在严重病例中,应继续观察至少几天,直到临床状况稳定和正常。由于认为乙螨唑苯甲酸盐在动物中增强GABA活性,因此避免在可能有毒性乙螨唑苯甲酸盐暴露的患者中使用增强GABA活性的药物(巴比妥类药物、苯二氮卓类药物、丙戊酸)可能是明智的。
Early signs of intoxication include dilation of pupils, muscular incoordination, and muscular tremors. Vomiting within one-half hour of exposure can minimize toxicity following accidental ingestion of the product; rapidly after exposure (<15 minutes) administer repeatedly medical charcoal in a large quantity of water ... . If toxicity from exposure has progressed to cause severe vomiting, the extent of resultant fluid and electrolyte imbalance should be gauged. Appropriate supportive parenteral fluid replacement therapy should be given, along with other required supportive measures (such as maintenance of blood pressure levels and proper respiratory functionality) as indicated by clinical signs, symptoms, and measurements. In severe cases, observations should continue for at least several days until clinical condition is stable and normal. Since emamectin benzoate is believed to enhance GABA activity in animals, it is probably wise to avoid drugs that enhance GABA activity (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, valproic acid) in patients with potentially toxic emamectin benzoate exposure.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 立即急救:确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸,请开始人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、球囊阀面罩设备或口袋面罩,按训练操作。如有必要,执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果患者呕吐,让患者向前倾或将其置于左侧(如果可能的话,头部向下),以保持呼吸道畅通,防止吸入。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /毒物A和B/
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 基本治疗:建立专利气道(如有需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象,如有需要,协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺肿,如有必要,进行治疗……。监测休克,如有必要,进行治疗……。预期癫痫发作,如有必要,进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染,立即用冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中,用0.9%的生理盐(NS)连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能够吞咽,有强烈的呕吐反射,并且不流口,用温冲洗口腔,并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的进行稀释……。在去污后,用干无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
有两个给药组,每组有2只雄性比格犬。第1组在第1天接受0.5 mg/kg的(3)H-MK-0243苯甲酸盐(1 mL/kg在5%乙醇中……0.239 mCi/mg;98.8%放射化学纯度),在第15天接受0.5 mg/kg的(3)H-MK-0243 HCl(1 mL/kg在去离子中……0.229 mCi/mg;98.7%放射化学纯度)。第2组的给药顺序相反。每次给药前测定体重。在每次给药后的0.5、1、2、4、6、8、24、48、96和168小时,各取2 mL血液用于测定药物平。在0至24小时和72至96小时收集尿液和粪便用于药物平分析。没有药物效果的证据。苯甲酸盐和HCl盐的平均血浆半衰期分别为35.7 +/- 3.4小时和35.5 +/- 4.4小时。苯甲酸盐和HCl盐的平均血浆近似曲线下面积(AUC)分别为4479 +/- 1476和4574 +/- 1514 ng/g血浆/7天。两种盐的平均血浆MAB1a(MK-0243的主要成分,占90至95%)平约为100 ng当量/g血浆,在大约6小时达到峰值。在第1天和第4天,粪便和尿液中回收的总和约为剂量的40%和0.01%。结论是,这两种盐在雄性比格犬中是生物等效的。
There were 2 dosing groups, each consisting of 2 male beagles. Group 1 received 0.5 mg/kg of (3)H-MK-0243 benzoate (1 mL/kg in 5% ethanol ... 0.239 mCi/mg; 98.8% radiochemically pure) on day 1 and 0.5 mg/kg of (3)H-MK-0243 HCl (1 mL/kg in deionized water ... 0.229 mCi/mg; 98.7% radiochemically pure) on day 15. Dosing was reversed for Group 2. Body weights were determined before each dose. 2 mL of blood was withdrawn for drug level determinations following each dose at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, 96 and 168 hr. Urine and feces were collected for drug level analysis at 0 to 24 and 72 to 96 hr. There was no evidence of drug effects. The mean plasma half lives for the benzoate and HCl salts were 35.7 +/- 3.4 hr and 35.5 +/- 4.4 hr, respectively. The mean plasma approximate area under the curve (AUC) for the benzoate and HCl salts was 4479 +/- 1476 and 4574 +/- 1514 ng/g plasma/7days. The mean peak plasma MAB1a (the major component of MK-0243 at 90 to 95%) levels were ~100 ng equivalents/g plasma, occurring at ~6 hr for either salt. Combined fecal and urine recoveries during the 1st and 4th days were ~40% and 0.01% of the dose, respectively. It is concluded that the 2 salts are bioequivalent in male beagle dogs.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
实验性杀虫剂阿维菌素本贝酸盐的皮肤吸收在猕猴身上进行了研究。通过比较皮肤应用化合物的排泄物中放射性平与等效静脉注射剂量后的放射性平来计算皮肤吸收。在给三只猴子静脉注射300微克(3)H-MAB1a(作为丙二醇:盐1:1溶液制备)后,血浆平呈双相下降,放射性在最初的15分钟内迅速下降,随后以较慢的速度下降至背景平。在给药后7天,大约90%和5%的给药放射性分别从粪便和尿液中回收。在清洗期之后,将300微克[(3)H]MAB1a(溶解在可乳化浓缩物中)涂在同一只猴子剃光的 forearm 上。经过10小时的暴露期后,大约90%的放射性在用肥皂和清洗暴露的前臂时被回收。尽管血浆放射性平通常保持在背景平以下,但大约1.5%的施用剂量在排泄物中被回收。阿维菌素本贝酸盐的皮肤吸收计算为1.6%。阿维菌素本贝酸盐的低皮肤渗透性表明,农业工人实际上接触这种化合物的可能性极小。
The dermal absorption of the experimental avermectin insecticide emamectin benzoate was studied in the Rhesus monkey. Dermal absorption was calculated by comparing radioactivity levels in excreta following dermal application of the compound with those following administration of an equivalent intravenous dose. After iv administration of 300 ug (3)H-MAB1a (prepared as a 1:1 solution of propylene glycol:saline) to three monkeys, plasma levels decreased biphasically with a rapid decline in radioactivity during the first 15 min followed by a slower decline to background. By 7 days post-dose, approximately 90% and 5% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the feces and urine, respectively. After a washout period, 300 micrograms [(3)H]MAB1a (dissolved in emulsifiable concentrate) was applied topically to the shaved forearm of the same monkeys. Following a 10-hr exposure period, approximately 90% of the radioactivity was recovered in a soap and water wash of the exposed forearms. Although plasma radioactivity levels generally remained below background levels, approximately 1.5% of the applied dose was recovered in the excreta. Dermal absorption of [()3H]emamectin benzoate was calculated as 1.6%. The low dermal penetration of emamectin benzoate indicates that minimal actual exposure of agricultural workers to this compound will occur.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
本研究的目标是调查在推荐剂量给药后血液、粘液和肌肉中的埃马霉素含量,以及与同一条鱼上的海虱感染的相关性(消除研究)。通过全身自动射线摄影和闪烁计数法,还研究了单次口服剂量后大西洋鲑鱼体内三标埃马霉素苄酯的分布情况(分布研究)。在消除研究中,埃马霉素苄酯的浓度在第7天(给药的最后一天)达到最高,分别为血液128、粘液105和肌肉68纳克/克(p.p.b.)。从第7天开始,血液中的浓度下降,直到第77天浓度低于检测限。除了第7天和第21天,粘液中的浓度高于血浆(P < 0.05)。埃马霉素苄酯的浓度从治疗结束(第7天)到第70天逐渐下降,肌肉、血浆和粘液的半衰期分别为9.2、10.0和11.3天。分布研究表明,在整个观察期(56天)内,粘膜(胃肠道、鳃)中的放射性活性很高。在整个研究期间,松果体、垂体和嗅球的活性很高。胆汁中的活性最高,表明这是排泄的重要途径。分布研究确认了消除研究中关于血液、皮肤粘液和肌肉浓度的结果。
The aims of this study were to investigate the content of emamectin in blood, mucus and muscle following field administration of the recommended dose, and correlation with sea lice infection on the same fish (elimination study). The tissue distribution of tritiated emamectin benzoate after a single oral dose in Atlantic salmon was also investigated by means of whole-body autoradiography and scintillation counting (distribution study). In the elimination study, concentrations of emamectin benzoate reached maximum levels of 128, 105 and 68 ng/g (p.p.b.) for blood, mucus and muscle respectively, on day 7, the last day of administration. From day 7, the concentration in the blood declined until concentration was less than the limit of detection on day 77. The concentration was higher in mucus compared with plasma (P < 0.05) except on days 7 and 21. The concentration of emamectin benzoate decreased gradually from the end of treatment (day 7) to day 70 with half-lives of 9.2, 10.0 and 11.3 days in muscle, plasma and mucus respectively. The distribution study demonstrated a high quantity of radioactivity in mucous membranes (gastrointestinal tract, gills) throughout the observation period (56 days). Activity was high in the epiphysis, hypophysis and olfactory rosette throughout the study. The highest activity was observed in the bile, indicating this to be an important route for excretion. The distribution study confirmed the results from the elimination study with respect to concentrations in blood, skin mucous and muscle.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
大西洋鲑鱼(约1.3公斤)在5±1摄氏度的海罐中饲养,通过饲料以名义上的50微克/公斤/天的剂量给予3H-依马美汀B1苄酯,连续7天。在最后一次给药后3小时和12小时以及1、3、7、15、30、45、60和90天,从每组10条鱼中收集组织、血液和胆汁。从给药前开始到最后一次给药后90天,每天从罐中收集粪便。在给药期间,每日粪便样本的总放射性残留物(TRR)最大为0.25 ppm,且在覆盖给药期的合并粪便中>97%的TRR是依马美汀B1a。粪便TRR随后迅速下降,到最后一次给药后1天大约降至0.05 ppm。在给药后90天内,组织的平均TRR范围如下:肾脏,1.4-3 ppm;肝脏,1.0-2.3 ppm;皮肤,0.04-0.09 ppm;肌肉,0.02-0.06 ppm;骨骼,<0.01 ppm。根据给药后间隔合并的肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和皮肤样本的残留物成分是依马美汀B1a(81-100% TRR)和去甲基依马美汀B1a(0-17% TRR),在一些肌肉样本中可见到N-甲酰依马美汀B1a的微量(<2%)。用于监管监测依马美汀残留的标记残留物是依马美汀B1a。使用高效液相色谱-荧光法量化个体皮肤和肌肉样本中的依马美汀B1a平,在所有分析的样本中(给药后3小时至30天)均低于85 ppb。
Atlantic salmon (approximately 1.3 kg) maintained in tanks of seawater at 5 +/- 1 degrees C were dosed with 3H-emamectin B1 benzoate in feed at a nominal rate of 50 ug of emamectin benzoate/kg/day for 7 consecutive days. Tissues, blood, and bile were collected from 10 fish each at 3 and 12 hr and at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days post final dose. Feces were collected daily from the tanks beginning just prior to dosing to 90 days post final dose. The total radioactive residues (TRR) of the daily feces samples during dosing were 0.25 ppm maximal, and >97% of the TRR in pooled feces covering the dosing period was emamectin B1a. Feces TRR then rapidly declined to approximately 0.05 ppm by 1 day post final dose. The ranges of mean TRR for tissues over the 90 days post dose period were as follows: kidney, 1.4-3 ppm; liver, 1.0-2.3 ppm; skin, 0.04-0.09 ppm; muscle, 0.02-0.06 ppm; and bone, <0.01 ppm. The residue components of liver, kidney, muscle, and skin samples pooled by post dose interval were emamectin B1a (81-100% TRR) and desmethylemamectin B1a (0-17% TRR) with N-formylemamectin B1a seen in trace amounts (<2%) in some muscle samples. The marker residue selected for regulatory surveillance of emamectin residues was emamectin B1a. The emamectin B1a level was quantified in individual samples of skin and muscle using HPLC-fluorometry and was below 85 ppb in all samples analyzed (3 hr to 30 days post dose).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    N,T
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S36,S36/37,S45,S60,S61
  • 危险类别码:
    R25,R36,R50,R57,R58,R36/37/38,R50/53,R23,R21
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    29224999

SDS

SDS:e282932ab8662e73758393e525ff8510
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模块 1. 化学
1.1 产品标识符
: 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐
产品名称
1.2 鉴别的其他方法
(4′’R)-4″-Deoxy-4″-(methylamino)avermECtin B1 benzoate
1.3 有关的确定了的物质或混合物的用途和建议不适合的用途
仅用于研发。不作为药品、家庭或其它用途。

模块 2. 危险性概述
2.1 GHS-分类
急性毒性, 经口 (类别 3)
急性毒性, 吸入 (类别 3)
急性毒性, 经皮 (类别 3)
皮肤刺激 (类别 3)
眼睛刺激 (类别 2A)
急性生毒性 (类别 1)
慢性生毒性 (类别 1)
2.2 GHS 标记要素,包括预防性的陈述
象形图
警示词 危险
危险申明
H301 + H311 + H331 如果咽下,与皮肤接触或吸入是有毒的。
H316 引起轻微皮肤刺激。
H319 造成严重眼刺激。
H410 对生物毒性极大并具有长期持续影响.
警告申明
预防措施
P261 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸气/喷雾.
P264 操作后彻底清洁皮肤。
P270 使用本产品时不要进食、饮或吸烟。
P271 只能在室外或通风良好之处使用。
P273 避免释放到环境中。
P280 戴护目镜/戴面罩。
P280 穿戴防护手套/ 防护服。
事故响应
P301 + P310 如果吞下去了: 立即呼救解毒中心或医生。
P302 + P352 如接触皮肤:使用大量冲洗。
P304 + P340 如果吸入:将受害人移至空气新鲜处并保持呼吸舒适的姿势休息。
P305 + P351 + P338 如与眼睛接触,用缓慢温和地冲洗几分钟。如戴隐形眼镜并可方便地取
出,取出隐形眼镜,然后继续冲洗.
P312 如感觉不适,呼救中毒控制中心或医生.
P321 具体处置(见本标签上提供的急救指导)。
P330 漱口。
P337 + P313 如仍觉眼睛刺激:求医/就诊。
P361 + P364 立即除去∕脱掉所有沾污的衣物,清洗后方可再用。
P391 收集溢出物。
安全储存
P403 + P233 存放于通风良的地方。 保持容器密闭。
P405 存放处须加锁。
废弃处置
P501 将内容物/ 容器处理到得到批准的废物处理厂。
当心 - 物质尚未完全测试。
2.3 其它危害物 - 无

模块 3. 成分/组成信息
3.1 物 质
: (4′’R)-4″-Deoxy-4″-(methylamino)avermECtin B1 benzoate
别名
组分 浓度或浓度范围
EmamECtin-benzoate
<=100%
化学文摘登记号(CAS 155569-91-8
No.)

模块 4. 急救措施
4.1 必要的急救措施描述
一般的建议
请教医生。 向到现场的医生出示此安全技术说明书。
吸入
如果吸入,请将患者移到新鲜空气处。 如呼吸停止,进行人工呼吸。 请教医生。
皮肤接触
用肥皂和大量的冲洗。 立即将患者送往医院。 请教医生。
眼睛接触
用大量彻底冲洗至少15分钟并请教医生。
食入
切勿给失去知觉者通过口喂任何东西。 用漱口。 请教医生。
4.2 主要症状和影响,急性和迟发效应
4.3 及时的医疗处理和所需的特殊处理的说明和指示
无数据资料

模块 5. 消防措施
5.1 灭火介质
灭火方法及灭火剂
雾,抗乙醇泡沫,干粉或二氧化碳灭火。
5.2 源于此物质或混合物的特别的危害
产品分解后性质不明
5.3 给消防员的建议
如必要的话,戴自给式呼吸器去救火。
5.4 进一步信息
无数据资料

模块 6. 泄露应急处理
6.1 作业人员防护措施、防护装备和应急处置程序
戴呼吸罩。 避免粉尘生成。 避免吸入蒸气、烟雾或气体。 保证充分的通风。 人员疏散到安全区域。
避免吸入粉尘。
6.2 环境保护措施
如能确保安全,可采取措施防止进一步的泄漏或溢出。 不要让产品进入下道。
一定要避免排放到周围环境中。
6.3 泄漏化学品的收容、清除方法及所使用的处置材料
收集和处置时不要产生粉尘。 扫掉和铲掉。 放入合适的封闭的容器中待处理。
6.4 参考其他部分
丢弃处理请参阅第13节。

模块 7. 操作处置与储存
7.1 安全操作的注意事项
避免接触皮肤和眼睛。 避免形成粉尘和气溶胶。
在有粉尘生成的地方,提供合适的排风设备。
7.2 安全储存的条件,包括任何不兼容性
贮存在阴凉处。 使容器保持密闭,储存在干燥通风处。
7.3 特定用途
无数据资料

模块 8. 接触控制和个体防护
8.1 容许浓度
最高容许浓度
没有已知的国家规定的暴露极限。
8.2 暴露控制
适当的技术控制
避免与皮肤、眼睛和衣服接触。 休息前和操作本品后立即洗手。
个体防护设备
眼/面保护
面罩與安全眼鏡请使用经官方标准如NIOSH (美国) 或 EN 166(欧盟) 检测与批准的设备防护眼部。
皮肤保护
戴手套取 手套在使用前必须受检查。
请使用合适的方法脱除手套(不要接触手套外部表面),避免任何皮肤部位接触此产品.
使用后请将被污染过的手套根据相关法律法规和有效的实验室规章程序谨慎处理. 请清洗并吹干双手
所选择的保护手套必须符合EU的89/686/EEC规定和从它衍生出来的EN 376标准。
完全接触
物料: 丁腈橡胶
最小的层厚度 0.11 mm
溶剂渗透时间: 480 min
测试过的物质Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, 规格 M)
飞溅保护
物料: 丁腈橡胶
最小的层厚度 0.11 mm
溶剂渗透时间: 480 min
测试过的物质Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, 规格 M)
, 测试方法 EN374
如果以溶剂形式应用或与其它物质混合应用,或在不同于EN
374规定的条件下应用,请与EC批准的手套的供应商联系。
这个推荐只是建议性的,并且务必让熟悉我们客户计划使用的特定情况的工业卫生学专家评估确认才可.
这不应该解释为在提供对任何特定使用情况方法的批准.
身体保护
全套防化学试剂工作服, 防护设备的类型必须根据特定工作场所中的危险物的浓度和数量来选择。
呼吸系统防护
如危险性评测显示需要使用空气净化的防毒面具,请使用全面罩式多功能微粒防毒面具N99型(US)
或P2型(EN
143)防毒面具筒作为工程控制的候补。如果防毒面具是保护的唯一方式,则使用全面罩式送风防毒
面具。 呼吸器使用经过测试并通过政府标准如NIOSH(US)或CEN(EU)的呼吸器和零件。

模块 9. 理化特性
9.1 基本的理化特性的信息
a) 外观与性状
形状: 粉末
颜色: 浅褐色
b) 气味
无数据资料
c) 气味阈值
无数据资料
d) pH值
无数据资料
e) 熔点/凝固点
无数据资料
f) 沸点、初沸点和沸程
无数据资料
g) 闪点
无数据资料
h) 蒸发速率
无数据资料
i) 易燃性(固体,气体)
无数据资料
j) 高的/低的燃烧性或爆炸性限度 无数据资料
k) 蒸气压
无数据资料
l) 蒸汽密度
无数据资料
m) 密度/相对密度
无数据资料
n) 溶性
无数据资料
o) n-辛醇/分配系数
辛醇--的分配系数的对数值: 5.77
p) 自燃温度
无数据资料
q) 分解温度
无数据资料
r) 粘度
无数据资料

模块 10. 稳定性和反应活性
10.1 反应性
无数据资料
10.2 稳定性
无数据资料
10.3 危险反应
无数据资料
10.4 应避免的条件
无数据资料
10.5 不相容的物质
无数据资料
10.6 危险的分解产物

模块 11. 毒理学资料
11.1 毒理学影响的信息
急性毒性
半数致死剂量 (LD50) 经口 - 大鼠 - 76 mg/kg
半数致死浓度(LC50) 吸入 - 大鼠 - 雌性 - 4 h - 0.663 mg/l
半数致死浓度(LC50) 吸入 - 大鼠 - 雄性 - 4 h - 1,049.0 mg/l
半数致死剂量 (LD50) 经皮 - 大鼠 - 500.0 - 2,000.0 mg/kg
皮肤刺激或腐蚀
皮肤 - 兔子 - 轻度的皮肤刺激
眼睛刺激或腐蚀
眼睛 - 兔子 - 中度的眼睛刺激
呼吸道或皮肤过敏
生殖细胞致突变性
无数据资料
致癌性
IARC:
此产品中没有大于或等于 0。1%含量的组分被 IARC鉴别为可能的或肯定的人类致癌物。
生殖毒性
生殖毒性 - 大鼠 - 经口
母体效应:其他影响。 对新生儿的影响:生长统计数据(例如体重增长的减少)。
对新生儿的影响:行为的。
特异性靶器官系统毒性(一次接触)
无数据资料
特异性靶器官系统毒性(反复接触)
无数据资料
吸入危险
无数据资料
潜在的健康影响
吸入 吸入会中毒。 可能引起呼吸道刺激。
摄入 误吞会中毒。
皮肤 如果被皮肤吸收会有毒性 可能引起皮肤刺激。
眼睛 造成严重眼刺激。
附加说明
化学物质毒性作用登记: CL1203005

模块 12. 生态学资料
12.1 生态毒性
对鱼类的毒性 半数致死浓度(LC50) - 虹鳟 (红鳟鱼) - 0.17 mg/l - 96.0 h
蚤和其他生无脊 半数效应浓度(EC50) - 蚤 - 0.001 mg/l - 48 h
椎动物的毒性
12.2 持久性和降解性
无数据资料
12.3 潜在的生物累积性
无数据资料
12.4 土壤中的迁移性
无数据资料
12.5 PBT 和 vPvB的结果评价
无数据资料
12.6 其它不良影响
生物毒性极大并具有长期持续影响.

模块 13. 废弃处置
13.1 废物处理方法
产品
将剩余的和不可回收的溶液交给有许可证的公司处理。
与易燃溶剂相溶或者相混合,在备有燃烧后处理和洗刷作用的化学焚化炉中燃烧
受污染的容器和包装
按未用产品处置。

模块 14. 运输信息
14.1 联合国危险货物编号
欧洲陆运危规: 2811 国际海运危规: 2811 国际空运危规: 2811
14.2 联合国运输名称
欧洲陆运危规: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (EmamECtin-benzoate)
国际海运危规: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (EmamECtin-benzoate)
国际空运危规: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (EmamECtin-benzoate)
14.3 运输危险类别
欧洲陆运危规: 6.1 国际海运危规: 6.1 国际空运危规: 6.1
14.4 包裹组
欧洲陆运危规: III 国际海运危规: III 国际空运危规: III
14.5 环境危险
欧洲陆运危规: 是 国际海运危规 国际空运危规: 否
海洋污染物(是/否): 是
14.6 对使用者的特别提醒
无数据资料


模块 15 - 法规信息
N/A


模块16 - 其他信息
N/A




制备方法与用途

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的研究进展 简介

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin benzoate),简称甲维盐,是1984年由美国默克公司在对齐墩果糖基上的羟基进行衍生化研究时的产物。作为一种新型抗生素类生物杀虫剂,甲维盐具有广谱、高效、低毒、低残留等优点,特别对鳞翅目害虫具有良好的杀虫效果。

性质

原药为白色或淡黄色结晶粉末;熔点:141-146℃。它溶于丙酮甲醇,微溶于,不溶于己烷。在通常贮存条件下稳定。

用途

作为一种新型抗生素类生物杀虫剂,甲维盐具有广谱、高效、低毒、低残留等优点,尤其对鳞翅目害虫有良好的杀虫效果。其对一些鳞翅目昆虫的LC90值范围为0.002~0.89 mg/L。相较于阿维菌素这一先导化合物,甲维盐毒性更低,对大鼠的毒性仅为阿维菌素的1/6,在常规剂量下对人体、畜类安全,并易于降解。

目前,甲维盐/阿维菌素常用于防治蔬菜害虫,如小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等。由于其良好的防治效果和对鳞翅目害虫种群的控制作用,已广泛应用于十字花科蔬菜害虫的防治,并有效延缓了这些害虫对传统杀虫剂抗性的演化。

作用机制

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是一种微生物源低毒杀虫、杀螨剂,在阿维菌素的基础上合成。它具有高活性、广泛的杀虫谱、良好的混用性、持久的持效期和使用安全性等特点,主要通过胃毒作用发挥效果,并兼有触杀作用。其作用机制是阻碍害虫运动神经。

请注意:不要在鱼塘、蜂场、桑园及其周围使用甲维盐。药液不可污染池塘等域。对蜜蜂有毒,故在果树开花期不宜使用。一般作物的安全采收间隔期为7天。

毒性 中毒性及中毒症状

原药中高毒,而制剂则低毒(接近无毒)。中毒后早期症状包括瞳孔放大、行动失调和肌肉颤抖;严重时会导致呕吐。

中毒救治

口服中毒:立即进行引吐,并给患者服用吐根糖浆或麻黄素。但切勿在昏迷患者身上催吐或灌入任何物品。大量吞服时可实施洗胃。避免使用增强γ-丁酸活性的药物,如巴比妥丙戊酸等。

用途

甲维盐广泛用于蔬菜、果树、棉花等多种农作物上的多种害虫防治,是一种高效杀虫杀螨剂

文献信息

  • CHEMICAL AGENT FOR CONTROLLING SOIL NEMATODE WHICH COMPRISES MACROLIDE-TYPE COMPOUND
    申请人:Maruwa Biochemical Co., Ltd.
    公开号:EP2891403B1
    公开(公告)日:2019-07-24
  • ACTIVE COMPOUND COMBINATIONS HAVING INSECTICIDAL/ACARICIDAL PROPERTIES
    申请人:Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
    公开号:EP3697216B1
    公开(公告)日:2021-11-03
  • Avermectin compounds and treatment of dermatological disorders in humans therewith
    申请人:Kaoukhov Alexandre
    公开号:US20090264378A1
    公开(公告)日:2009-10-22
    Compounds of the avermectin family or derivatives thereof, notably emamectins are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment of dermatological conditions in humans, in particular rosacea.
  • Chemical Agent For Controlling Soil Nematode Which Comprises Macrolide-Type Compound
    申请人:Maruwa Biochemical Co., Ltd.
    公开号:US20150223449A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-08-13
    Soil nematode control techniques are established, the technique comprising diffusing uniformly 16-membered ring macrolide compounds which affect various organisms including nematodes at low concentrations, are hardly dissolved in water, and have a high soil adsorption within a treatment area, which technique is easy to use and eliminates the effect against organisms in the surroundings. By spraying an emulsion of the 16-membered ring macrolide compound with a water-soluble solvent to the soil surface and then mixing the emulsion with the soil or by mixing a granule adhering such the emulsion to a mineral carrier with the soil, soil nematodes parasitized crops are controlled as preventing seepage of the agent to an area outside of the treatment area.
  • [EN] ACTIVE COMPOUND COMBINATIONS HAVING INSECTICIDAL/ACARICIDAL PROPERTIES<br/>[FR] COMBINAISONS DE COMPOSÉS ACTIFS AYNT DES PROPRIÉTÉS INSECTICIDE/ACARICIDES
    申请人:BAYER AG
    公开号:WO2019076752A1
    公开(公告)日:2019-04-25
    The present invention relates to novel active compound combinations comprising at least one known compound of the formula (I) and at least one further active compound, which combinations are highly suitable for controlling animal and microbial pests such as unwanted insects and/or unwanted acarids and/or unwanted nematodes.
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