Behavioral Treatment of Hypertensive Heart Disease in African Americans: Rationale and Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial
摘要:
African Americans experience higher morbidity, and mortality, than Whites do as a result of hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease. Chronic psychosocial stress has been considered an important contributing factor to these high rates. The authors describe the rationale and design for a planned randomized controlled trial comparing Transcendental Meditation, a stress-reduction technique, with lifestyle education in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive heart disease in urban African Americans. They pretested 170 men and women aged 20 to 70 years over a 3-session baseline period, with posttests at 6 months. Outcomes included clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, quality, of life, left ventricular mass measured by, M-mode echocardiography, left ventricular diastolic function measured by Doppler and carotid atherosclerosis measured by fi-mode ultrasound. This trial was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that a selected stress reduction technique is effective in reducing hypertension and hypertensive heart disease in African Americans.
Herein we report the palladium-catalyzed isomerization of highly substituted allylic alcohols and alkenyl alcohols by means of a single catalytic system. The operationally simple reaction protocol is applicable to a broad range of substrates and displays a wide functional group tolerance, and the products are usually isolated in high chemical yield. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations
Hydride reduction of alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using chiral organic catalysts
申请人:MacMillan David
公开号:US20060161024A1
公开(公告)日:2006-07-20
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze the 1,4-hydride reduction of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound may be an aldehyde or cyclic ketone, and the hydride donor may be a dihydropyridine. The reaction is enantioselective, and proceeds with a variety of hydride donors, catalysts, and substrates. The invention also provides compositions effective in carrying out the 1,4-hydride addition of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Pd(II)-catalyzed site-selective β- and γ-C(sp3)–Harylation of primary aldehydes is developed by rational design of L,X-type transient directing groups (TDG). External 2-pyridone ligands are identified to be crucial for the observed reactivity. By minimizing the loading of acid additives, the ligand effect is enhanced to achieve high reactivities of the challenging primary aldehyde substrates. Site
Exploring Site Selectivity of Iridium Hydride Insertion into Allylic Alcohols: Serendipitous Discovery and Comparative Study of Organic and Organometallic Catalysts for the Vinylogous Peterson Elimination
作者:Houhua Li、Daniele Fiorito、Clément Mazet
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.6b03376
日期:2017.3.3
secondary, and tertiary silylated allylic alcohols by two distinct and complementary catalytic systems—a cationic iridium complex and a Brønsted acid—is reported. These results are unexpected. Nonsilylated substrates are typically isomerized into aldehydes and silylated allylic alcohols into homoallylic alcohols with structurally related iridium complexes. Although several organic acids and bases are
Iridium-catalyzed isomerization of primary allylic alcohols under mild reaction conditions
作者:Luca Mantilli、Clément Mazet
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.130
日期:2009.7
The isomerization of primaryallylicalcohols into the corresponding aldehydes has been accomplished using an analogue of Crabtree’s iridium hydrogenation catalyst and by adequately tuning the experimental conditions. A wide range of substrates is converted quantitatively into the desired aldehyde at room temperature in expedient reaction times by using catalyst loading as low as 0.25 mol %.