Unprecedented C-2 arylation of indole with diazonium salts: Syntheses of 2,3-disubstituted indoles and their antimicrobial activity
摘要:
A novel reaction of indole with aryldiazonium salts leading to the formation of 2-aryl-3-(arylazo)indoles was discovered. The products were found to possess potent anti-MRSA and anti-LLVRE activities. The SAR studies indicate that the potentially metabolically labile azo functionality can be replaced with ether oxygen and thioether sulfur atoms without any loss of activity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Compounds based on the 2,3-distyrylindole scaffold were found to exhibit bactericidal properties upon irradiation with white light. At the concentration of 1 mu M, the lead compound 1 completely (ca. 10(9) CFU/mL) eradicated such Gram-positive organisms as S. aureus (MRSA, MSSA), E. faecalis (VRE), S. pyogenes and S. mutans when irradiated with white light for 2 min. At the concentration of 5 mu L and in the presence of polymyxin E at non-bactericidal 1.25 mu g/mL concentration, 1 also showed a 7-log to 9-log reductions in bacterial counts of such Gram-negative organisms as multi-drug resistant (MDR) A baumannii, MDR P. aeruginosa, E. coll and Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRE: KPC and NDM-1), also when irradiated with white light for 2 mm The structure-activity relationship studies revealed that unsubstituted at benzene rings 2,3-distyrylindole 2 was most potent and gave a 5-order of magnitude eradication of a MRSA strain at the concentration of 30 nM upon irradiation with white light. Initial mechanistic experiments revealed the disruption of bacterial cell membrane, but indicated that singlet oxygen production, which is commonly associated with photodynamic therapy, may not play a role in the bactericidal effects of the 2,3-distyryhndoles. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.