Base-Mediated Cascade Aldol Addition and Fragmentation Reactions of Dihydroxyfumaric Acid and Aromatic Aldehydes: Controlling Chemodivergence via Choice of Base, Solvent, and Substituents
作者:George Ward、Charles L. Liotta、Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy、Stefan France
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.8b01867
日期:2018.12.7
derivative of dihydroxyfumaric acid (DHF) has been used exclusively as an electrophile in organic synthesis. However, the synthetic utility of DHF’s nucleophilic reactivity, contained in the ene–diol moiety, has been underexplored. Inspired by recently observed pH-dependent chemodivergent nucleophilic aldol reactions of dihydroxyfumarate (DHF2–) with glyoxylate and formaldehyde, we report herein the control
二羟基富马酸(DHF)的二酯衍生物已专门用作有机合成中的亲电子试剂。然而,烯-二醇部分中所含的DHF亲核反应性的合成效用尚未得到开发。受到最近观察到的二羟基富马酸酯的pH依赖性化学发散亲核醛醇缩合反应(DHF 2–)与乙醛酸酯和甲醛,我们在此报告二羟基富马酸酯与芳族和杂芳族醛之间碱控制的化学发散反应的控制和合成应用。在主要的水性介质中,以氢氧化物为碱,先进行羟醛加成,然后进行脱草酸作用,得到各种3-芳基-2,3-二羟基丙酸。以三乙胺为THF中的碱,1-芳基-2,3-二羟基丙烷是反应的产物。为了了解DHF,其二羧酸盐和其二甲基酯之间反应性的差异,我们进行了计算和实验研究,它们为为什么富马酸二羟基酯(DHF 2–)是亲核试剂而相应的二酯以亲电子试剂反应的原因提供了理论依据。。