Synthesis, characterization, in vitro biological and molecular docking evaluation of N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(benzamides)
作者:Hamid Aziz、Aamer Saeed、Farukh Jabeen、Nazif Ullah、Ashfaq Ur Rehman
DOI:10.1007/s13738-021-02199-8
日期:2021.9
The present research describes the synthesis, characterization, in vitro biological and docking evaluation of N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(benzamides) (3a-3j). Consequently, in in vitro hRBCs hemolysis assay, only the bis-amide (3d) induced 52.4% hemolysis at higher concentration (1000 μg/mL) that decreased drastically with concentration (250 μg/mL) to 27.9% (CC50 = 400.41). Similarly, the tested bis-amide (3j) was found to be the least toxic with 7.8% hemolysis at higher concentration (1000 μg/mL) that gradually decreases to 6.1% (CC50 = 19,347.83) at lower concentration (250 μg/mL). Accordingly, the tested bis-amides were found to be highly biocompatible against hRBCs at higher concentrations with much higher CC50 values (> 1000 μg/mL). The biocompatible bis-amides (3a-3j) were subjected to in vitro DNA ladder assay to analyze their apoptotic potential. The results obtained suggest the tested bis-amides (3a-3j) are highly degradative toward DNA causing the appearance of more than one bands or complete degradation of DNA except (3a), (3c), (3i) and (3 g). Moreover, the synthesized bis-amides (3a-3j) were tested in in vitro antileishmanial assay to unveil their leishmaniacidal potential. The results obtained clearly indicated that some of the tested bis-amides displayed good dose dependent response. The tested bis-amides were highly active at higher concentration (1000 μg/mL) against the leishmanial promastigotes and their % inhibitory potential decreased drastically with concentration (250 μg/mL). Consequently, at higher concentration (1000 μg/mL), the bis-amide (3f) caused 85% inhibition and was ranked as the most effective leishmaniacidal bis-amides followed by the bis-amide (3 g) with 73.54% inhibition of leishmanial promastigotes. However, in terms of their IC50 values, the best leishmaniacidal potential was displayed by the bis-amide (3f) followed by (3b), (3j) and (3 g) with IC50 values increasing in the order of 633.16, 680.22, 680.22 and 712.93 μg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that bis-amides having electron-donating groups showed good binding potential against antileishmanial target.
本研究描述了N,N'-(乙烷-1,2-二基)双(苯酰胺)(3a-3j)的合成、表征、体外生物学评估和对接分析。因此,在体外人红细胞溶血实验中,仅有双酰胺(3d)在高浓度(1000μg/mL)下诱导了52.4%的溶血,随着浓度降低到(250μg/mL),溶血率急剧下降至27.9%(CC50=400.41)。同样,测试的双酰胺(3j)在高浓度(1000μg/mL)下被发现毒性最小,溶血率为7.8%,逐渐降低至较低浓度(250μg/mL)的6.1%(CC50=19,347.83)。因此,在高浓度下,测试的双酰胺被发现对人红细胞具有很高的生物相容性,CC50值远高于1000μg/mL。生物相容性双酰胺(3a-3j)被用于体外DNA梯形实验,以分析其诱导凋亡的潜力。获得的结果表明,测试的双酰胺(3a-3j)对DNA具有很强的降解性,导致出现多个条带或DNA的完全降解,除了(3a)、(3c)、(3i)和(3g)。此外,合成的双酰胺(3a-3j)在体外抗利什曼病实验中被测试,以揭示其杀虫潜力。获得的结果清楚地表明,部分测试的双酰胺显示出良好的剂量依赖性反应。测试的双酰胺在高浓度(1000μg/mL)下对利什曼病原虫的前鞭毛体表现出极高的活性,随着浓度降低到(250μg/mL),其%抑制潜力急剧下降。因此,在高浓度(1000μg/mL)下,双酰胺(3f)造成85%的抑制,被评为最有效的杀虫双酰胺,随后是双酰胺(3g),其对利什曼病原虫的抑制率为73.54%。然而,从其IC50值来看,最佳的杀虫潜力由双酰胺(3f)展示,其后依次为(3b)、(3j)和(3g),IC50值分别为633.16、680.22、680.22和712.93μg/mL。分子对接研究表明,具有电子供体基团的双酰胺表现出良好的结合潜力,对抗利什曼病靶点具有较强的亲和力。